1. The use of biomethane as a fuel by the urban bus fleet in Lille (France) Dr. MESTREL Consultancy & Associates (Paris, Zurich, Stockholm) Safe & Sustainable Urban transportation systems expertise

2. The biogas Biogas: it is produced by fermentation safe from the air. the gas contains approximately 60 % methane Agricultural biogas: resulting from the liquid manures, the manures, it makes it possible to purify the effluents but does not reduce the nitrogen availability Industrial biogas: process of self- production of energy which purifies organically charged effluents Domestic biogas: resulting from the landfills, the fermentation of used water, the fermentation of the organic part of the household refuse

3. CNG & biogas buses 2000 buses in France 200 refueling stations 20 years experience 1990 technical research 1995 standardization 2000 full depots 2005 total fleets 2008 renewable energy

4. Specifications and development National Autorities EU Normes Integration Infrastructure Constructor Operator Equipmentsvehicles lines Dr. MESTREL professional advice

5. 1916-1990-1995-2000 bus generations

6. Gaseous fuel technical phases 1916 Omnibus 150 bars urban gas in Paris 1930 Hydrogen airships 1950 Natural gas vehicles in southwest 1975 LNG bus in Paris 1985 R&D methane & Hyd motorization 1990 Biogas bus at Lille 1995 Renault hydrogen prototype 2000 NGV buses in competition with Diesel 2005 Hythane at Dunkerque and Toulouse 2008 Sequedin:150 biomethane buses in operation

7. Marquette biogas bus prototype

8. è Project kick-off in 1991 è The first gas operated bus was put into circulation in March 1994 è Pilot skid with water treatment unit for biogas has been operational since April 1995 from waste water treatment The biogas operated bus project: A pilot experimentation in Europe

9. First biogas bus in Lille

10. The 10 years prototype biogas treatment and compression unit

11. Reliability of gas buses > 95 % è Cost per kilometer equal to or less than that for diesel buses è Suppress the environmental air particular pollution è Reduce the carbon dioxide emissions by use of renewable energy è Halve the motorization noise impact The skills required to develop the biogas project

12. 300 biogas buses on a total fleet of 350 è New buses corresponding to EEV Label è Metro + Tramway + Biogas Buses = 90% of public transportation made with clean vehicles Clean transportation systems Renewable energy busses

13. A 2000 m³/h station at Villeneuve d Ascq bus depot since 2000

14. Villeneuve dAscq: 120 buses

15. Sequedin waste biogas plant and bus depot build in the same time A new bus depot for 150 biogas buses è Production of biogas from a new organic waste center for a 1 million people area è A new biogas / natural gas compression unit

16. Sequedin bus depot overview Waste Organic Recovery Centre

17. Waste organic recovery center near bus depot site A compression unit : biogas and natural gas Biogas pipe

18. Sequedin: a new depot for 150 biogas buses Opened in January 2006

19. Two gas sources (NG & biogas) for 4500 m³/h fuel station Natural Gas Biogas Compression Unit 3 compressors of 1500 Nm³/h Compressed gas

20. Waste organic recovery centre Biogas in operation in the beginning of 2008

21. Delivery of biomass Green waste from gardens etc. Intake of oil and greaseTransit of refuse to be incinerated Intake of biomass

22. Pre-treatment of the biomass Pre-composting of biomass Mixing device in a digester Biomass feeding to a digester Mixing devices motors

23. Digestion and composting Intake of the thermophylic digesters Inside a composting tunnel Composting tunnel Compost finishing

24. Compost conditioning Grinding and sifting of the compost Final storage of the compost Compost turn-over device Waterway compost transportation

25. Upgrading biogas to biomethane Transferring biogas to be upgraded Drying column Washing and stripping columns C ompressor and washing column

26. Biogas upgrade Recycling motor Final compressor Detail of the skid Compressor lubricator

27. Biomethane storage Biomethane odorization One of both final storage tanks Biomethane volume metering Final biomethane storage tanks

28. Waste treatment Transport of the refuse to be incinerated Filtering the nitrate charged air Transit of the waste collection trucks Burning the low quality biogas

29. The biogas buses project size 100 % clean public transportation è 3 – 4 bus depots dedicated to biogas buses è 400 gas/biogas buses è Mass production of biogas coming from organic waste and waste water sludge

30. Biomethane quality requirements Calorific value: 10 - 11 kWh/m³ Methane content: 93 to 97 % Dewatering point: - 20 °C at 200 bar Sulphur content: < 7 mg/Nm³ No acid gases No heavy metals particles

31. Wattrelos: new depot in 2008 for 150 biogas busses Building start in June 2006. Opening in June

32. Sludge Biogas Compression unit 500 - 8000 m³/h Sewage Treatment Plant: 350 000 people area between France & Belgium Wattrelos biogas bus depot overview

33. Wattrelos biogas bus depot Workshop buildings First refuelling test in February Biomethane compression stationWaste water sludge biogas production

34. Feasibility study for biogas conversion up to 90% of the organic WWTP sludge The raw biogas production The ultrasonic pretreatment The high pressure pre-treatment How to convert in biogas 75 to 90 % ?

35. We thank you for your attention Contact us: Paris: marc.mestrel@wanadoo.frmarc.mestrel@wanadoo.fr Zürich: jphofer@stephenson.dhis.orgjphofer@stephenson.dhis.org Stockholm: aros.ingenjorsbyra@comhem.searos.ingenjorsbyra@comhem.se