1. The Language of Government

2. Government:
-is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies
-is made up of those people who exercise its powers, all those who have authority and control over people.

3. Examples of Types of Governments
-democracy
-dictatorship
-autocracy
But what do they mean?
How can we tell them apart?

4. Roots
“-archy”
“-cracy”
-To rule
-to govern
-to organize

5. -refers to a person or object
Roots
“-crat”
“-arch”
-refers to a person or object

6. There are two main types of government:
Autocracy and Democracy

7. Autocracy “Auto-” = sole or single “Auto-” + “-cracy” = Autocracy
Autocracy: “A sole or single person rules”
A government in which one person possesses unlimited power;
- The authority or rule of an autocrat

8. 4 Types of Autocratic Governments
1) Dictatorships- one person takes control of a country. Supported by the military, businesses or landowners (Ex: Hitler) 2)Oligarchy- government in which the power to rule is by a small group of people

9. 3) Absolute monarchy- king or queen with total power
3) Absolute monarchy- king or queen with total power. No constitutional restriction.
4) Constitutional monarchy- king or queen is head of state, but bound by a constitution (normally have a Parliamentary system) (Ex: England today)

10. Monarch “Mon(o)-” = one or single “Mon(o)” + “arch” = Monarch
Monarchy = only one rules
-A monarch can have absolute power or limited power.

11. Democracy “Demo-” = people “Demo-” + “-cracy” = Democracy
Democracy : “ the people rule”
-A government by the people, esp: rule of the majority
- A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them indirectly through a system of representation

12. Two types of Democratic Governments
1) Direct democratic- everyone votes on everything (Athens, Native Americans)
-began in Greek times (columns on buildings represent democracy)
2) Indirect democratic (Representative Democracy)- people vote others to write laws. (congressmen and senators)
-began in Rome (domes on buildings represent republicanism)

13. How do you know if a government is autocratic or democratic?
Who has the power? Democratic: -ALL people are below the law Autocratic: -one or few people are above the law (dictator)

14. Bureaucracy “Bureau-” = a) specialized administrative unit
b) subdivision of an executive department of a government
“Bureau” + “cracy” = Bureaucracy
All governments have a bureaucracy.
It is NOT a government
-An administrative policy-making group; (For example: Administration of a school)
How you ORGANIZE a government

15. Very Important to Remember!!
To govern = Democracy
To rule = Autocracy
To organize = Bureaucracy