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The Cold War at Home Part 1.

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Presentation on theme: "The Cold War at Home Part 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Cold War at Home Part 1

2 The Red Scare Gets Scarier
Anti-Communists sentiments become very strong in the 1950s and 1960s Government perpetuates the fear Richard Nixon Alger Hiss spy case “Pink down to her underwear!” Joseph McCarthy McCarthy Hearings Government and military investigations

3 Senator Joseph McCarthy (R-WI)
McCarthy was elected to the Senate as a strong anti-communist Used his position in the Senate to go on Communist “witch hunts” Wheeling Speech McCarthy hearings

4 McCarthy Hearings As McCarthy railed against communism, he gain a strong and loyal following in his quest Became a national phenomenon McCarthy attacked any opponents by counter-attacking them as communists “Commiecrats” Democrats “Twenty years of treason” Investigated and accused people with little or no evidence, or secret evidence Ruined lives Ruined careers

5 “Have you no decency, Sir?

6 McCarthy Hearings As he became more and more fanatical, even his supporters began to try to stop him Attacks against him became more frequent Edward R. Murrow Stuart Symington Joseph Welch Censured, ruined, and ostracized, McCarthy died of liver disease in 1957 Journalist Edward R. Murrow, who used his weekly television program to challenge “McCarthyism” and its tactics

7 Cuban Crisis Cuba falls to the Communists
In 1959, the Cuban government was overthrown by Fidel Castro, a communist revolutionary Established the first communist nation in the western hemisphere (90 miles off the coast of Florida) Established friendly relations with the Soviet Union Protection Legitimacy

8 Fidel Castro Cuban Revolutionary Student of Communist ideology
Overthrew the Cuban government and installed a single party communist state hostile to the U.S. President Fidel Castro ( )

9 Bay of Pigs Invasion An attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s revolutionary government Soviets were gaining more influence every day The United States did not want a Soviet puppet regime 90 miles off of the coast of the country Organized and funded by President Eisenhower, approved by President Kennedy

10 Bay of Pigs Invasion United States supported counter-revolutionaries invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs Were supposed to get additional support from the U.S. As the world began to realize the level of the U.S. involvement, Kennedy decided to withhold additional support due to negative world response The counter-revolutionaries, lacking the necessary support, were defeated by Castro’s Army A disastrous fail for the United States

11 Cheesy Metaphor…

12 Cuban Missile Crisis On a routine surveillance flyover of Cuba, the United States Air force discovered the presence of Soviet Missiles in Cuba Well within striking distance of any major American city Nuclear armament capable Over the next two weeks, tensions would reach the highest points of the Cold War Negotiations and ultimatums back and forth Secret deals and back channels

13 U-2 Spy photo of Cuba

14 Location of Cuba and Range of Soviet Missiles
This map shows the proximity of Cuba, and the range that the Soviet missiles had. They could have hit every major American city in the continental United States except Seattle.

15 The Crisis President Kennedy and his advisors are scrambling for a solution Military wants to fight Kennedy’s want to find a peaceful solution Infighting in the Kennedy administration Formed EXCOMM (Executive Committee of the National Security Council) Settled on a Blockade of Cuba Called a quarantine, since a blockade is technically an act of war Prevented any Soviet ships carrying weapons from docking in Cuba Would the Soviets honor the blockade?

16 President Kennedy Addresses the Nation

17 Kennedy’s EXCOMM team John Kennedy Robert McNamara Robert Kennedy
Lyndon Johnson Dean Rusk McGeorge Bundy Ted Sorenson Kenneth O’Donnell Maxwell Taylor Dean Acheson

18 The United Nations While President John Kennedy and Attorney General Robert Kennedy are negotiating in private, the public fight is happening at the United Nations American Ambassador Adlai Stevenson is fighting it out with Soviet Ambassador Valerian Zorin The Russians seem to be in the right United States Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai Stevenson

19 “I’m prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over…”
When Stevenson presses Zorin to answer the question about whether the Soviets have missiles in Cuba, Zorin is evasive “This isn’t an American court” “You’ll have your answer in due course” Stevenson, armed with definitive proof, argues with Zorin “Don’t wait for the translation. Yes or no?” “I’m prepared to wait for my answer until hell freezes over!” Ambassador Stevenson providing irrefutable proof of Soviet offensive missiles in Cuba to the United Nations, much to the dismay of a surprised Ambassador Zorin

20 The Stevensen –Zorin exchange

21 The Crisis Ends Robert Kennedy and Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobrynin agreed to the following terms, ending the crisis: Soviet remove missiles from Cuba United States agrees never to invade Cuba United States removes Jupiter missiles from Turkey Strengthens Castro’s position, and removes the Soviets from the western hemisphere

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