1. Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages 643-649 (May 2011)
Effects of chronic omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on human atrial mechanical function after reversion of atrial arrhythmias to sinus rhythm: Reversal of tachycardia-mediated atrial cardiomyopathy with fish oils 
Saurabh Kumar, BSc(Med)/MBBS, Fiona Sutherland, RN, Miriam Wheeler, MBChB, Patrick M. Heck, MD, Geoffrey Lee, MB ChB, Andrew W. Teh, MBBS, Manohar L. Garg, PhD, John G. Morgan, MBBS, Paul B. Sparks, MBBS, PhD 
Heart Rhythm 
Volume 8, Issue 5, Pages (May 2011)
DOI: /j.hrthm
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2. Figure 1
Patient selection. LV = left ventricular; SEC = spontaneous echocardiographic contrast.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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3. Figure 2
Comparison of plasma fatty acid levels. Plasma EPA, DHA, and total omega-3 levels were significantly higher in the omega-3 recipients compared with controls. Total omega-6 levels were significantly lower. EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA = docosahexaenoic acid. Error bars represent standard error of means.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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4. Figure 3
Comparison of LAAEV and atrial mechanical stunning. In both AF and AFL, mean prereversion LAAEV were similar between the 2 groups (A and D), however, both mean percent decrease in LAAEV postreversion were significantly lower in the omega-3 group compared with controls (B). Atrial mechanical stunning was significantly lower in the omega-3 group (C). AF = atrial fibrillation; AFL = atrial flutter; LAAEV = left atrial appendage emptying velocity.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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5. Figure 4
Comparison of LAAEF. In both AF and AFL, the decrease in LAAEF postreversion was attenuated in the omega-3 group vs. control group (A and C). Mean percent decrease in LAAEF was significantly lower in the omega-3 group (B). LAAEF = left atrial appendage emptying fraction; other abbreviations as in Figure 3.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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6. Figure 5
Comparison of SEC grade. In both AF and AFL, the increase in SEC grade was significantly attenuated in the omega-3 group vs. controls (A, B, D). The incidence of new or increased SEC was significantly less in the omega-3 group in AF patients (C). Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 3.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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7. Figure 6
Relationship of duration of arrhythmia and parameters of left atrial appendage function. Omega-3 patients had significantly lower mean percent decrease in LAAEV and LAAEF, less increase in SEC, and a lower incidence of stunning compared with controls despite short-duration (≤3 months) or long-duration arrhythmia (>3 months). Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 3.
Heart Rhythm 2011 8, DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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