1. Development of the face and palate
Dr Gallatz Katalin

2. Development of the face and pharyngeal arches 4-5.week
Pharyngeal arches begin to develop
in the 4th week as the neural
crest cells migrate into the future
head and neck region.

3. MIGRATION OF THE NEURAL CREST CELLS

5. The pharyngeal (branchial) apparatus consist of:
- pharyngeal arches
- pharyngeal pouches
- pharyngeal grooves
- pharyngeal mebranes

6. Each pharyngeal arch contain:
- cartilage
- nerve
- artery
- myoblast
- mesenchyme

7. Stomodeum
stomodeum:
a wide shallow depression in the face, limited in its depth by the buccopharyngeal membrane

8. covering the forebrain Maxillary prominence from mesenchyme of the
STOMODEUM SURROUNDED by the facial prominences
Frontal prominence
(frontonasal)
from the mesenchyme
covering the forebrain
Maxillary prominence
from mesenchyme of the
I. pharyngeal arch
Mandibular prominence
From the mesenchyme of the I. pharyngeal arch

9. 4. week
On both sides of the frontonasal prominences thickenings of surface ectoderm form the
NASAL PLACODS

10. 5. week 1.The nasal placods invaginate to form the nasal pits
2.Medial and lateral nasal
processes are formed around
the nasal pits
3.Maxillary and lateral nasal processes are separated by the
nasolacrimal groove
nasolacrimal duct

11. NASAL PITS
MEDIAL AND LATERAL
NASAL PROMINENCES

13. 7-10. week
Maxillary prominences grow and press the medial nasal processes, they unite and fuse with the maxillary prominences.
The inferior part ot fused medial nasal prominences form the
INTERMAXILLARY SEGMENT

14. 1. labial component philtrum of the lip
Intermaxillary segment is composed of
1. labial component philtrum of the lip
2. upper jaw component alveolar process of
the incisor teeth
3. palatine component primary palate

15. - The ectodermal thickening betwen the lateral nasal and maxillary
invaginates into the underlying mesoderm, the nasolacrimal
groove and cord is formed, later it canalicularises and it becomes
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT.
- The maxillary prominences unite with lateral
nasal processes and also with the mandibular prominences.

16. Palatogenesis 5-12th week
Critical period 6-9th week
The palate develops from two primordia:
- the primary palate
- the secondary palate

17. Development of the palate
Primary palate
develops from the
palatine portion of the
intermaxillary segment
Secondary palate
develops from the
palatine process of
the maxillary prominence

18. - Palatine processes (or palatal shelves) project inferolaterally on each side
of the tongue.
- As the mandible develop the tongue moves inferiorly,
the palaine processes elongate and ascend to the horizontal position.
They fuse in the median plane and also fuse with the nasal septum and with
the primary palate
Nasal septum develops as a downgrowth from the internal part of the merged
medial nasal prominences

21. Derivates of the facial prominences
Frontonasal prominence
frontal part: forehead, root of the nose
medial nasal process:
- dorsum and tip of the nose, nasal septum
intermaxillary segmentum:
philtrum, alveolar process of the incisor teeth, primary palate
lateral nasal process: alae (wings) of the nose
Maxillary prominences:
maxilla,
lateral part of the upper lip,
upper part of the cheek
secondary palate
Mandibular prominence:
mandible, lower lip, inferior part of the cheek

22. Development of the nasal cavity
- oronasal membrane
- primitive choana
primary and secundary
palate
- nasal conchas
- olfactory region
- paranasal sinuses

23. Summary of the development of the face
1. Development of the stomodeum and the facial prominences,
2. appearence of the nasal placods nasal pits
3. development of the medial and lateral nasal prominences 5.week
4. growth of the maxillary prominences,
5. fusion of the medial nasal processes,
6. formation of the intermaxillary segment,
7. development ot the primary palate week,
8. formation of the nasolacrimal sulcus and duct,
9. fusion of the maxillary prominence with the and medial and lateral
nasal prominences,
10. secondary palate, separation of the nasal and oral cavity

24. Development of the Face
MOVIE v

25. GENES IN DEVELOPMENT
OF THE FACE

26. Malformations Median cleft lip Lateral cleft lip (cheiloschisis)
Cleft of the upper jaw (gnatoschisis)
Cleft palate (palatoschisis)
Oblique facial cleft
Transverse facial cleft
Macrostomy, microstomy
Cleft uvula

27. Malformations

30. Malformations Median cleft Cleft of inferior lip Obligue facial cleft
Macrostomia Microstomia Bifid nose and
incomplete median cleft

31. Congenital anomalies of the face
1.Lateral cleft lip ( hare lip):
Due to failure of fusion between the maxillary process with the intermaxillary segment, unilateral or bilateral .

33. Bilateral cleft lip

35. Congenital anomalies of the face
2. Median cleft lip :
Due to incomplete union of the 2 medial nasal process in the midline .

36. 3. Oblique facial cleft :
Due to failure of union of the maxillary processes with lateral nasal processes.

39. Hypobranchial eminence

40. Development of the tongue
ANTERIOR 2/3
At the end of the 4th week on the base of the primordiali pharynx
3 tubercule develops from the mesenchyme of the Ist pharyngeal arch,
The paired TUBERCULUM LATERALE and between and behind them
the TUBERCULUM IMPAR.
The lateral tubercules develop quickly, overgrow the tuberculum impar
and unite in the midline ( median lingual sulcus)

41. Development of the tongue
POSTERIOR 1/3
From the II-III. pharyngeal arch mesenchyme.
COPULA
from the the ventromedial part of II. pharyngeal arch
HYPOBRANCHIAL EMINENCE
from the ventromedial part of III-IV. pharyngeal arch

42. Development of the tongue
EPITHELIUM
Anterior 2/3 ectoderm
Posterior 1/3 endoderma
MUSCLES
From the myotomes of the occipital somites

43. Development of the tongue

45. DEVELOPMENTAL MALFORMATIONS
BIFID TONGUE

46. ANKYLOGLOSSIA

47. MACROGLOSSIA

48. MICROGLOSSIA

49. LEUKOPLAKIA

50. HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE PARALYSIS

51. DEVELOPMENT OF THE THYROID GLAND

52. DEVELOPMENTAL MALFORMATIONS 1.
- Thyreoglossal duct - a duct penetrates the mesenchyme from the foramen cecum, it bifurcates and forms the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland.
- In case the duct does not disappear (ductus thyreoglossus persistens) it may contribute to the formation of median cervical cysts. They often form fistules too.

53. THYROGLOSSAL CYST

54. Thank you for your attention!
Development of the Face and Palate
Face And Palate - YouTube
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