1. So Nepal’s population is very vulnerable
So Nepal’s population is very vulnerable. Poor and socially excluded groups are less able to absorb shocks than well- positioned and better off households. Because of poverty , many people build without following the correct building code…

2. New Zealand Christchurch earthquake Feb 22nd 2011https://www. youtube

3. New Zealand earthquake disaster facts
Feb
6.3 magnitude ( moderately strong)
12.51 pm ( many people out in the city having their lunch break)
181 died – 200 injured
170,000 properties damaged
Christchurch felt worst effects ( 6 km NW of epicentre – very close)
Conservative plate boundary movement( Indo Australian/ Pacific plates)
Short lived disruption to industrial production ( as the region’s manufacturing hub escaped significant damage)
Agricultural sector largely unaffected
Rebuild costs (NZ $ 20 bill) were largely insured losses
Financial markets largely ignored earthquake impacts and business activity largely resilient
Tourism suffered quite badly in immediate aftermath (International visitors were down 40%in the 2011/12 period
Developed country ( very resilient population who have largely ‘ bounced back’)

4. SO THE CHRISTCHURCH EARTHQUAKE WAS A DISASTER BUT NEW ZEALAND IS A RESILIENT DEVELOPED COUNTRY WHO HAS LARGELY BOUNCED BACK ….

5. Swiss Cheese model applied to hazards and disasters(J.Reason)

6. The Swiss Cheese Model of Disaster Causation
This model is widely used in risk management and analysis.
In the model the layers of cheese represent safety systems and the holes in the cheese represent weaknesses in each line of defence.
J. Reason( who developed the model) says that a disaster occurs when all the holes line up in a single trajectory.
So, in natural hazards science, a disaster is thought to occur as a result of a series of coincidental events and processes.
Generally the hazard becomes a disaster when several holes line up ( a trajectory of accident opportunity) which creates the conditions for loss of life, property and livelihood.