1. Perfectly Proper Plants

2. Alternation of Generations

3. Alternation of Generations
All plants alternate between a multicellular haploid generation (gametophyte because it produces gametes) and multicellular diploid generation (sporophyte because it produces spores)

4. Types of Plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Gametophyte is the dominant generation!
No real vascular tissue to conduct water and nutrients
Few cell layers thick, keeps them close to water and minerals
Sporophyte releases bzillions of spores (but need to stay attached to the gametophyte)

5. Life Cycle of a Moss

6. Vascular Tissue (except Bryophytes)
Xylem
Tube-shaped dead cells
Most Contain Tracheids - Bring water and minerals UP from roots

7. Vascular Tissue (except Bryophytes)
Phloem
Living tissue
Nutrient-conducting cells arranged in tubes
Distribute sugars, amino acids, and organic stuff THROUGH the plant

9. Roots Absorb water and nutrients from the soil
Anchor vascular plants so the shoot can grow taller

10. Leaves Increase the surface area of the plant body
Primary location for photosynthesis
Can be
Microphylls – small, spine shaped
Megaphylls – highly branched with higher levels of photosynthesis

11. Seedless Vascular Plants
Pterophytes - Ferns!
Sporophyte is the larger and more complex!! (Gametophyte is fragile and small)
Sperm cells of ferns have flagella and need to swim through a film of water to reach eggs (just like bryophytes)
Common in damp habitats

12. Fern Life Cycle (592)

13. Vascular (seed) plants
Seeds
Multi-cellular (more complex than a spore)
Sporophyte embryo packaged with a food supply in a protective coat
Microsporangia produce male gametophyte
Megasporangia produce female gametophyte
Female gametophyte stays in parent sporophyte
When fertilized, the whole ovule (ovary) becomes the seed

14. Gymnosperms - Coniferphyta
Cone-Bearing Plants
“naked seeds”
No enclosed chamber for the ovary.
Ovules and seeds develop on special leaves called sporophylls

15. Life Cycle of Gymnosperm (605)

16. Angiosperms (Flowering)
Flower: Sex parts
Stamen: Male repro organs (microspores - anther, filament)
Carpels: Female repro organs (megaspores - stigma, style, ovary)
Fruit: Mature ovary
Thickened wall of ovary to protect the seeds and help disperse them

17. Structure of a Flower (608)

18. Life Cycle of Angiosperm (611)

19. Monocot vs Dicot

20. Monocots vs Dicot