1. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

2. Immune System Lymphatic system:
Protects you against foreign invaders…PATHOGENS
(disease-causing organisms)
Viruses…Bacteria…Protists…
Fungi
Antigens – foreign protein
Lymphatic system:
Bone marrow
Lymphocytes
Spleen
Thymus

3. IMMUNITY

4. Virus
Protein coat (capsid) surrounds core of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
Needs a host cell to reproduce (invades)
Specific for a particular host
Able to mutate
HIV, Flu, cold, Ebola, measles, smallpox, polio, Rabies
Don’t grow…develop…
need energy…respond

5. Bacteria
Many bacteria are beneficial…but some do cause disease & make us sick
Streptococcus (strep throat)
Tuberculosis
Diptheria
Salmonella
Botulism
MRSA (staph)
tetanus

6. Parasites: Protists & Fungi
Caused by PROTISTS…
Amoebic dysentery
Malaria
African Sleeping Sickness
Caused by FUNGI…
Ringworm
Candidiasis

8. INNATE/NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE ADAPTIVE/SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
INNATE/NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE
ADAPTIVE/SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE
Not specific to any particular pathogen
Reacts within hours of pathogen entering the body
First line of defense: your skin
Mucus membranes
Chemicals
phagocytosis
Antigen specific
Antigen must first be detected & recognized
Creates an army of immune cells specifically designed to attack the antigen
Antigen is “remembered”
Antibodies – proteins your body makes to defend itself against antigens

9. Adaptive Immune System
antigen-antibody response
B cells: make antibodies
T cells: Help B cells make antibodies; Kill infected cells

11. Lymphatic System Bone Marrow…produce WBCs Spleen…store WBCs
Thymus…T cells: destroy infected or cancerous cells
Lymph nodes…produce lymphocytes & leukocytes
Lymphocytes…T cells & B cells
Leukocytes: WBCs

12. Immunity can be… Active Passive Your body makes the antibodies
Ex: having the disease, getting a vaccination
Passive
You get the antibodies from another source
Ex: from mother thru the placenta or mothers milk, from a shot (rabies shot)
Antibodies remember the disease antigen so it’s ready to destroy next time it enters your body

13. Protecting Ourselves Against Viruses Against Bacteria Vaccinations:
Weakened form of virus injected in body to stimulate immune response to make antibodies against virus
So next time you get virus; already have antibodies to destroy virus
However, so many flu & cold viruses…and they mutate so often…can’t get vaccinated against all
Antibiotics:
Discovered in early 1900’s
Kill bacteria
Decades of exposure has produced resistant bacteria
Antibiotics don’t work on them anymore
NATURAL SELECTION