1. Regular Biology Chapter 20 Waggy
Kingdom: Protista
Regular Biology
Chapter 20
Waggy

2. Chapter Objectives… 1. Explain how protists are classified.
2. Discuss the key characteristics of the animal-like protists.
3. Discuss the key characteristics of the plant-like protists.
4. Discuss the key characteristics of the fungus-like protists.
5. Describe protist-caused diseases in humans.

3. Who are the Protists?
Single celled eukaryotic organisms that do not fit in any other kingdom are called protists
Most are microscopic but some algae can grow to be several meters long
It is the most varied kingdom with animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like organisms
It is thought that protists were the first eukaryotic cells on earth

4. How did Eukaryotic cells Develop?
The Endosymbiosis Theory:
The cell organelles, mitochondria & chloroplasts may have been free living protists at one time
At some point they entered a cell and became a vital part of the cells metabolism: a cell organelle

5. Classification of Protists:
They are classified by four main characteristics:
1. Body Structure
2. How they get food
3. How they move
4. How they reproduce

6. 1. Body structure (all groups)
Unicellular (single cell living alone)
Colonial (many single cells living together)
Multicellular (ONE organism made up of many cells)

7. 2. Means of obtaining food
Autotroph (plant-like)
Heterotroph (animal-like)
Parasitic (fungus-like)
3. Means of movement (animal-like)
Pseudopodia
Cilia (tiny hairlike structures)
Flagella (long whip like structure)

8. 4. Reproduction (all types)
Binary fission
Asexual reproduction
Conjugation
Sexual reproduction

9. Animal-like Protists…
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: there are four
1. Protozoa
2. Ciliophora
3. Sarcomastigophora
4. Apicomplexa

10. Phylum: Protozoa Means ‘first animal’
Most move using pseudopodia (‘false foot)
The cell membrane extends outward & the cytoplasm fills it
When enough cytoplasm has moved to the new area, the entire protozoa has moved
An example of a protozoan is an amoeba

11. Phylum: Ciliophora Move by cilia that cover their bodies
Are the most complex protists with many cell organelles
Pellicle: clear layer of flexible protein that surrounds the cell membrane
Mouth pore: opening where food is taken into the body
Gullet: primitive stomach where food is digested
Contractile vacuole: controls water balance