1. You need: Mar. 9, 2018 Clean paper (2)/ pencil Mitosis/Meiosis notes
Warm Up:
Mental Math
I CAN: determine how/why traits are passed from one generation to the next.

2. Chromosome = a package of genetic information that can be passed from parent to offspring.
Gene = one SET of alleles (one from each parent) about a given trait…example: eye color.

3. Our pipe cleaners = alien plant chromosomes
If chromosomes usually come in pairs, what would be the logical conclusion for where we get each member of the pair?
Grasshoppers = 24 pairs of chromosomes
Humans = 46 pairs of chromosomes
…23 from MOM and 23 from DAD
Our pipe cleaners = alien plant chromosomes
Alien plants = 2 pairs…total of 4 chromosomes
1 long pair
1 short pair

4. Pheno (physical expression) Trait Genes/Alleles Height A a Tall
Chromosomes contain the genetic material of an organism. This genetic material is organized into packets of information called genes. Genes give the instructions for an organism’s traits or physical features.
Pheno (physical expression)
Trait
Genes/Alleles
Height A a
Tall
Stem shape D d
Spiral
Branched-hairy
Root texture G G

7. Describe the different features (and the possible forms of each feature).
For example, yesterday we talked about the alien head shape (feature) and how there were three possibilities = circle, vertical oval, horizontal oval (these are the forms of that feature).
Flower color = feature / trait
Forms = white or black or gray

8. Bead / gene
Trait
Long/thin leaf
Leaf shape
Short/round leaf

9. Yellow = leaf shape
What kind of leaves?
Long / thin
Green = plant height
If our plant has one gene coding for tall growth instructions and one gene coding for short growth instructions, what should our plant look like?
Move the green beads to the other pipe cleaner…now how does our plant look?

10. Bead / gene Trait Long/thin leaf Leaf shape Short/round leaf Tall
Plant height
Short
I had to end here – we just did not make it further.

11. These genes code for flower color.
It comes in two forms = white or black.
What should this plant’s flowers look like?
Which color is DOMINANT?
Which color is recessive?
Our flowers will be GRAY…
We call that INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE (neither allele really “wins” – and yet they both do).

12. Complete Dominance Incomplete Dominance Bead / gene Trait
Long/thin leaf
Leaf shape
Short/round leaf
Complete Dominance
Tall
Plant height
Short
White
Incomplete Dominance
Gray
Flower color
Black

13. Genotype Phenotype Genotype Phenotype Long / thin Gray Black
Short / round
White
Tall
Tall
Short

14. Stem shape
Stem shape is also on the small chromosome and is represented by purple beads.
Large, dark purple bead = spiral stem
Dominant? Recessive?
Small, light purple bead = straight stem
Dominant? Recessive?
If our plant has a spiral stem, what bead combinations
are possible?

15. Large bead / small bead
If the plant has a mixture of large beads and small beads, where should the beads go?
Does it really matter?
It does NOT matter – as long as you get one bead for a trait from each parent. For example, you must get a height bead from MOM and a height bead from DAD.

16. Root shape Large, solid blue = branched hairy root
Large, clear blue = single, non-hairy root
Our plant is a single, hairy root.
What would its GENOTYPE be?
Genotype = the genes or alleles inside
Heterozygous = two different alleles

17. Together

18. Together

19. Independently

20. Independently

21. 1 2 4 3

22. INDEPENDENT practice
On your own, choose any of the four alien plants shown and create the pipe cleaner/bead CHROMOSOME.
Give your newly made chromosome to the person across the table. Can they correctly determine which flower?
Return the chromosomes to their creator.

23. CLEAN UP
Be sure that all beads are off the pipe cleaner (GENTLY) and placed back in the proper boxes. If it falls on the floor – PICK IT UP!!
Pipe cleaners should be straightened back out.
Hand-outs on the table.
Your worksheet goes with you!

26. Omah and Opah
These are the Aliens of our CIBL Genetics kit. We have Omah and Opah (German for grandmother and grandfather). Eventually you will introduce the offspring, but not just yet. Right now, just talk about what you see that they have in common…what are the differences? It seems that some TRAITS can be seen in both GENERATIONS, but others – well, it’s hard to tell where that nose came from – or why the antlers look a little like each parent but not exactly like either parent. Let them pose questions – this is inquiry.

27. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
As you introduce Omah and Opah, you could take some time to talk through our unknown/unrealized prejudices. Based on the names and the German connection, it seems the one on the left (Omah) is the mother and the right (Opah) is the father. Did anyone think otherwise? Why? Do we automatically associate wider faces with female? Longer, narrow faces with men? Was it the increased visibility of the smile? Who knows!?

28. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Now we introduce the offspring, Harold, Wilbur, and Maude. You will need to pronounce each name as the kids are truly unfamiliar with “Maude” (pronounced “Mawd” – like saw). After they’ve been introduced, let’s fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

29. 1. Large, branched 2. Short, not branched 3. Medium, not branched
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.
2. Short, not branched
3. Medium, not branched

30. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE 1. Large, branched 2. Short, not branched
3. Medium, not branched
Since there are THREE ways for this to show, but only two genes…is one truly dominant over the other?
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.
NO – they must mix or blend. We call this ________________
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

31. AB AB AS AS AB AB AS AS AB AS 1. Large, branched
B – large, branched AB AS AS
S – short, not branched
1. Large, branched AB AB AS AS
2. Short, not branched
3. Medium, not branched AB AS
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

32. Omah and Opah Opah 389 Earth years old Omah 392 Earth years old AB AB
AS AS
At this point you want to add the Omah/Opah worksheet and ask students to fill in the information in the individual charts – if they can, as we go. If you know that antlers are AB and AS…what does Omah have? Large, branched = AB from both. Opah? Short, not branched = AS from both. What about the offspring? As they have the combination, each must have ABAS. Fill in the chart!
ABAS

33. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
At this point you want to add the Omah/Opah worksheet and ask students to fill in the information in the individual charts – if they can, as we go.

34. Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

35. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together. It may be necessary to flip between slides, but I will try to repeat.

36. Big mouth M M m Small mouth m Large M M M m Small m m
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.
ONLY two possibilities = so one is DOMINANT and the other is RECESSIVE!

37. Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

38. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together. It may be necessary to flip between slides, but I will try to repeat.

39. With Omah and Opah, they all look alike. But what about these?
Possible phenotypes…
With Omah and Opah, they all look alike. But what about these?
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

40. p p p p Pointed P P and p rounded Pointed P P P rounded
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

41. HN HW Narrow Wide Narrow Wide INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE = blending
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.
Narrow
Wide
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE = blending

42. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together. It may be necessary to flip between slides, but I will try to repeat.

43. Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

44. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together. It may be necessary to flip between slides, but I will try to repeat.

45. Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

46. Omah and Opah Opah Omah 389 Earth years old 392 Earth years old
Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together. It may be necessary to flip between slides, but I will try to repeat.

47. Fill in the Alien Traits I worksheet together.

48. We will add more as we go. Review and vocabulary Pedigree Parent
Filial / offspring
Generations
Traits
Chromosomes
Dominant (gene)
Recessive (gene)
Always good to remind folks of vocabulary (words for the word wall), but it isn’t necessary to post here.
We will add more as we go.