1. Day 1: Cardiovascular System The vessels….Capillary Bed
Capillaries are tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect arteries to veins and are located in all body tissues.
Capillaries are so small in diameter that blood cells pass through in a single file.

2. Day 1: Cardiovascular System The vessels….Capillary Action
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Day 2 Lesson
Day 1: Cardiovascular System The vessels….Capillary Action
CAPILLARIES ALLOW FOR:
nutrients, oxygen, and water to diffuse out of blood to the tissues.
Waste products, like carbon dioxide, diffuse from the tissues into the blood.

3. Day 1: Cardiovascular System Veins
Veins are the blood vessels that return blood to the heart from all parts of the body.
Veins have valves that aid the return flow of blood and prevent the blood from reversing flow.

4. Cardiovascular System Check for Understanding
Comparative View between Arteries and Veins
Click to Play

5. Day 1: Cardiovascular System Check for Understanding
Arteries (aa.)
Veins (vv.)
Direction of flow
Blood Away from Heart
Blood to Heart
Pressure
Higher
Lower
Walls
THICKER: Tunica media thicker than tunica externa
THINNER: Tunica externa thicker than tunica media
Lumen
Smaller
Larger
Valves
No valves

6. End of Day 1 Lesson: Heart Structure and Function
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7. Day 2: Cardiovascular System Objectives
Explain the meaning of blood pressure
Explain the relationship between blood pressure and arterial pressure.
Describe what happens to pressure has it travels through the many blood vessels.
Explain how Blood Pressure is measured using a simple mathematical equation

8. Day 2: Cardiovascular System What do we mean by blood pressure?
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Day 2: Cardiovascular System What do we mean by blood pressure?
Hydrostatic pressure because blood is fluid
ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
CAPILIARIES
HEART
Because blood is being pumped, it will exert pressure on the blood vessels
As blood travels through the blood vessels, it’s hitting against the inner walls of these vessels
This exert a pressure on the blood vessels ….called BLOOD PRESSURE
Heart beat send blood out to the body via blood vessels

9. Day 2: Cardiovascular System Factors Affecting Blood Flow
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Day 2: Cardiovascular System Factors Affecting Blood Flow
Peripheral Resistance is the opposition to blood flow
It affects mainly arterioles because arterioles have thin flexible-extendable walls.
Arterioles walls can constrict or dilate causing peripheral resistance
Link to Arterioles diagram
CROSS-SECTION OF ARTERIOLES
Dilated walls
Constrict walls
Point out to students the main function of the circulatory system: 1. obtain and distribute oxygen
= P.R
= P.R
Low blood pressure
High blood pressure

10. Day 2: Cardiovascular System Relationship between P.R. and B.P.
Vaso-constriction and dilation of Arterial wall
Smaller the diameter of arterial wall, the greater the Peripheral Resistance
( opposition to blood flow).
The more resistance to blood flow, the greater the pressure needed to move blood through the arterial vessels.
High Peripheral Resistance = High blood Pressure
Small diameter wall
Low Peripheral Resistance = Low Blood Pressure
Large diameter wall

11. Day 2: Cardiovascular System How do we measure blood pressure
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Day 2: Cardiovascular System How do we measure blood pressure
HEART
VEINS-vena cava
Aorta-ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES
VENULES
Exchange of materials through diffusion
CAPILIARIES
CAPILIARIES
If the arrows indicate blood flow and the size of the arrows indicate pressure, where is pressure greatest in this simple blood flow diagram? Explain what happens to pressure as blood travels from the heart to the body and from the body back to the heart. 11

12. Day 2: Cardiovascular System
Check your understanding
Blood Pressure is really a measure of Arterial pressure
We can replace blood pressure with arterial pressure
So… Arterial Pressure = Peripheral Resistance
High Arterial Pressure = High Peripheral Resistance
Low Arterial Pressure = Low Peripheral Resistance

13. Less pressure on Arterial wall
Day 2: Cardiovascular System
Cardiac Output (C.O.)
Define Cardiac Output:
The measure of how much blood is pumped out from the heart. Or Heart Rate.
Take a moment and let’s measure your heart rate…
List some factors that can increase your heart rate or cardiac output A
HEART B
HEART
Low Cardiac Output
High Cardiac Output
Less pressure on Arterial wall
More pressure on Arterial wall
High Blood Pressure
Low Blood Pressure

14. Day 2: Cardiovascular System
Formula for calculating Blood presure
(Arterial Pressure) Blood Pressure = Peripheral Resistance
High Peripheral Resistance = High Arterial Pressure
Low Peripheral Resistance = Low Arterial Pressure
(Arterial Pressure) Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output
High Cardiac output = High Arterial Pressure
Low Cardiac output = Low Arterial Pressure
(Arterial Pressure) B.P. = Peripheral Resistance X Cardiac output

15. Day 2: Cardiovascular System Factors Affecting Blood Flow
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Day 2: Cardiovascular System Factors Affecting Blood Flow
Factors affecting blood flow
Peripheral Resistance
Blood Vessel Diameter
Blood viscosity
Total Vessel Length
Cardiac Output
These modules are design to link to other PowerPoint that further emphasize each point, either through an in class activity or a PowerPoint diagram . The cardiac output module is design with a specific activity that may take a few minutes to conduct in class. This can be done as a simple demonstration to illustrate how cardiac output increases blood flow, thereby increasing blood pressure. The bulk of the class period will be spent working on a heart model.

16. Blood viscosity is the measure of thickness of blood.
Return to Module Slide
Blood Viscosity
If blood viscosity increases with added RBC, which item you think would have the most concentration of RBC?
Blood viscosity is the measure of thickness of blood.
Blood consist of 4 components: RBC, WBC, PLATELETS AND PLASMA
RBC is the largest of the blood components
More RBC means more thickness
Less RBC means less thickness

17. More mass means more blood Vessels needed to cover
Return to Module Slide
Blood Vessel Length
Total Blood Vessel Length
Longer the blood vessel, the longer it will take for blood to travel and the greater the pressure needed to push blood through
Obesity adds to overall total vessel length.
gain 2.2lbs = gain 400 miles of b.v.
1 k.g. = 650 km of B.V.
More mass means more blood
Vessels needed to cover

18. Blood vessel diameter:
Return to Module Slide
Blood Vessel Diameter
Blood vessel diameter:
Anything that vasoconstrict blood vessels will increase P.R.
Anything that will vasodilate blood vessels will decrease P.R.