1. Ketamine and depression
K. Hirota, D.G. Lambert 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 121, Issue 6, Pages (December 2018)
DOI: /j.bja
Copyright © 2018 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Potential mechanism(s) of antidepressant effects of ketamine. → and ⇨: rapid antidepressant actions; ⇢ and ⇢: delayed antidepressant actions; ↓: inhibition or decrease; ↑: activation or increase. Akt/PKB, protein kinase-B; AP-1, activator protein-1; BDNF, brain-derived neurotropic factor; eEF2, eukaryotic elongation factor-2; ERK, extracellular signalling related kinase; GABAergic, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic; GSK-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3; HCN1, hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 1; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NaSSA, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; NDRI, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor; NMDA, N-methyl-d-aspartate; PFC, prefrontal cortex; SNRI, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; TrkB, tyrosine-related kinase-B.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /j.bja )
Copyright © 2018 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions