1. Range of motion

2. ROM Each joint in our body has a range of motion
If patients have an illness or disability that requires long periods of immobility or extended bed rest, it is important that all their joints be moved through their full ROM
Pts can be encouraged to do ROM exercises while do their ADLs (dressing, bathing)
ROM exercises help maintain muscle tone and joint flexibility

3. ROM ROM exercises also help prevent contractures
Contractures=permanent shortening of muscles due to lack of use
Active ROM=pt moves their own extremities without assistance
Passive ROM=pt is unable to move their limbs so the health care worker must move the extremities for the pt

4. ROM movements: Adduction – moving a body part toward the midline
Abduction – moving a body part away from the midline

5. ROM movements:
Flexion – decreasing the angle between 2 bones, or bending a body part
Extension – increasing the angle between 2 bones, or straightening a body part

6. ROM movements:
5. Hyperextension – excessive straightening

7. ROM movements:
6. Inversion – moving toward the inside 7. Eversion– moving toward the outside

8. ROM movements:
8. Dorsiflexion – bending backward

9. ROM movements: 9. Rotation – turning a body part around its own axis
10. Internal Rotation – turning inward
11. External Rotation – turning outward

10. ROM movements:
12. Supination – turning a body part upward 13. Pronation – turning a body part downward