1. 4 November 2011 Properties of Blood Vessels
Announcements & Reminders
Test 2 on Monday
Updates posted to Website Chapter questions posted to Website Photo-shoot Friday 1 pm Biology Suite

2. 1QQ # 25 for 8:30
By what means can a person with a heart transplant increase their cardiac output while jogging?
What are the effects of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate and stroke volume?

3. 1QQ # 25 for 9:30
By what means is stroke volume decreased in a person who has just finished jogging and is now standing still and is no longer breathing as deeply as while jogging?
What are the effects of parasympathetic stimulation on heart rate and stroke volume?

4. Properties of Blood Vessels
All vessels and heart chambers lined with ENDOTHELIAL cells (simple squamous)
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Elastic, low compliance, large diameter, low resistance vessels
Variable Resistance vessels
Exchange
Wall = simple squamous endothelium
No smooth muscle; cannot change diameter
Capacitance vessels, high compliance, low pressure, valves for unidirectional flow

5. Fig. 12.29 S 2 Aorta Brachial or Femoral artery
Damage to artery vs vein
Pusatile flow
12.29.jpg

6. S 3
Fig b
Analogy: river width and flow
12.39b.jpg

7. Fig. 12.30 S 4 Stretching elastic connective tissue
Elastic recoil of stretched arterial walls during ventricular systole maintains arterial pressure during diastole as blood drains into arterioles.
Atherosclerosis
Recoil of elastic connective tissue
12.30.jpg
Point of Confusion: Smooth muscles in arterial walls DO NOT rhythmically contract, do not pump!

8. Arteries and Arterial Pressure Mean Arterial Pressure
Arteriole
Arterioles have two main functions: 1) regulate flow to tissues and organs and 2) responsible for Total Peripheral Resistance which influences Blood Pressure.
MAP = CO x TPR
Poiseulle’s Equation

9. Mean Arterial Pressure
Fig
Cardiac Output
Heart
Arteries
Mean Arterial Pressure
Arterioles
Totol Peripheral Resistance
12.50.jpg
Kidneys
CNS
Gut
Sk. Muscle
Skin

10. S 7
Receptors for other ligands
Alpha receptors more common except in skeletal muscle arterioles which have more B2 receptors

11. Fig. 12.36 S 8 No parasympathetic innervation of arterioles!
Metabolic vasodilators
No parasympathetic innervation of arterioles!
Importance of sympathetic “tone.”
12.36.jpg
Metabolic autoregulation, flow autoregulation, myogenic autoregulation