1. Notes: Cell Basics and Organelles
Life – it’s all about the cell

2. Levels of organization
ATOMS  elements
Organic molecules – Carb, Lip, Prot, NA
ORGANELLES – cell parts w/specific functions
CELLS – **1st level of life **
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM

3. Levels of Organization in Plants

5. Example

6. Cell Trivia An adult has approx. 60 trillion cells
Each of your eyes has 125 million light sensitive cells that are connected to 1 million nerve cells
When you donate blood, you give up 5.4 billion cells
A square cm of your skin is made up of 155,000 cells.
There are 30 billion cells in your brain.

8. Prokaryotic cells Simple cells – very small, unicellular
pro=before kary=nucleus
Prokaryotic cells
Simple cells – very small, unicellular
1st cells on Earth – 3.5 BYA
Kingdom Eubacteria & Archaebacteria
Do NOT have nucleus, but do have nucleic acid/material
Most have a cell wall
Do NOT have membrane-bound organelles

9. DNA

10. Eukaryotic Cells All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
eu=true
Eukaryotic Cells
All other kingdoms (plants, animals, protists, fungi)
Found on Earth 1.5 BYA
Has a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

12. Quick check – Why is this cell eukaryotic?
Because it has a cell wall.
Because it contains DNA.
Because it has membrane-bound organelles.
Because it does not have DNA.
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
Organelles
Plasma membrane

13. Theory of Endosymbiosis
Large cells engulfed smaller bacteria cells
They lived together, then those cells became membrane-bound organelles
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA

15. Pro vs Eu Venn Diagram

16. Review: which are prokaryotes?

17. Cell Organelles

18. 1. Plasma (Cell) Membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Made up of a phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins
In all cells

19. 2. Cell Wall -Provides protection to the cell -Found around the
cell membrane in
bacteria, plant,
fungal and some
protist cells.

20. 3. Cytoplasm
Fluid that supports
and holds
organelles in place

21. 4. Nucleus – control center of cell
5. Nuclear envelope/membrane
6. Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

22. 7. Chloroplast Green organelle found in plants And some protists.
Photosynthesis occurs here

23. Comparing Cells Lab time!

24. 8. Mitochondria – converts sugar into usable energy for the cell (ATP)

25. 9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – produces and transports lipids
10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – transports proteins

26. 11. Ribosome – site of protein synthesis

27. 12. Golgi Apparatus (Complex or Bodies) – modifies, packages and ships molecules in and out of the cell; uses vesicles

28. 13. Vacuole Stores food, water and waste products.
Large and central in plant
cells
Small and numerous in
animal cells

29. 14. Lysosomes – break down waste and foreign invaders, not found in plant cells

30. 15. Cytoskeleton – Provides shape and structure to cell
microfilaments
microtubules

31. 16. Cilia -. 17. Flagella – hair-like projections
16. Cilia Flagella – hair-like projections Tail-like projections for for movement movement
Ciliated respiratory cells

32. 18. Centrioles – found in animal cells, aid in cellular division