1. Wanjun Guo Department of Psychiatry guowjcn@163.com
Stress and Coping
Wanjun Guo Department of Psychiatry
应激、恐惧与疾病

2. What Is “Stress”? What are “stress” in our daily life?
physical response and G.A.S
2018/12/7

3. Three meanings of stress:
1. Stressor: .events be appraise as harmful, obstacles to achieving goals, violating expectations about the world；dangerous and aversive rather than safe or desirable
2. Reaction: fight or flight;
3. Relationship: bottom-up, top-down, feedback loop
2018/12/7

4. Psycho-physiological stress response

5. General Adaptation Syndrome（GAS）
Selye H ( )

6. 1. Alarm stage: preparation for and beginning of fight or flight
Physical recreation to “stress” __Three stages of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Stressors
1. Alarm stage: preparation for and beginning of fight or flight
Continuity
Or/And
Severity
2. Resistance: strengthening of fight or flight
3. Exhaustion: Failure of resistance and burning out. For instance, immune system dysfunction, psychosomatic diseases or/and mental disorders
2018/12/7

7. Alarm Stage: Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic Stressor
Parasympathetic
Stressor
Endocrine system: Epinephrine, Sugar and fat
Breath
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Digestion
Sweat and salivation
Stomach, bowel and bladder muscles pain
Immune system
2018/12/7

8. The organ mobilize to cope with the stressor begin to tire over time.
Resistance:
The organ mobilize to cope with the stressor begin to tire over time.
2018/12/7

9. Exhaustion: The stress prolonged Failure of resistance
Physical hurt psychosomatic disease:
diabetes, ulcer, hypertension, coronary heart disease,
myocardial infarction, headache etc.
Even death
2018/12/7

10. Factors Influencing Stress Response
Stressor: Physical, psychological, socio-cultural
Perception:
personality
Congnitive assessment
Coping style
Social Support
Response:
Physio-psycho-behavioural
Health-illness
2018/12/7

11. Mediators of the Stress Response
“perceptual filter”
“Without stress, there would be no life”
“It’s not stress that kill us , it is our reaction to it”
---Hans Selye
2018/12/7

12. Factor influencing stress perception
Genetic and Epigenetic Personality and Cognition Culture Social support …
2018/12/7

15. Stress and Illness the relation between stress and illness: not linear
personality and heart disease: type A behavior pattern
Holmes and Rahe and life change unit (LCU)
2018/12/7

16. “Physiological state is Interpreted,
Labeling of an emotion
“Physiological state is Interpreted,
based on past experiences within a certain context”
2018/12/7

17. How to cope with the stress:
The approach of stress management :
Daily life
Clinic
2018/12/7

18. Behavioral Strategies:
1) Relaxation training 2) Exercise 3) Proper nutrition 4) Guided imagery or creative visualization techniques 5) Hypnosis 6) Biofeedback training 7) Recreation
2018/12/7

19. Two primary sources of stress reduction:
Modification of one’s perceptions
Social support
2018/12/7

20. Exposure Therapy What is the exposure therapy?
What is the exposure therapy used for?
A behavior technique used for reducing fears and its related avoidant behavior.
2018/12/7

21. “Plan B” ---- Flooding “Plan A” ---- Systematic Desensitization
2018/12/7

22. Summary and Key Concepts
What is “stress”
Physical reaction:
Mediator of stress reponse:
How to Cope with stress:
daily way and clinic way
Behavior strategies:
relax training, exercise, proper nutrition, visualization/imagery techniques, hypnosis, Biofeedback training, recreation.
2018/12/7

23. Thanks