1. Mastering the most dreaded maneuver in flight training
Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII
LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy
Chief Flight Instructor, Director of Maintenance,
AvSport of Lock Haven
FAA Safety Team Lead Representative,
Piper Memorial Airport, Lock Haven PA
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2. A FAASTeam Wings Award Safety Webinar
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3. Brought to you by: Experimental Aircraft Association
AvSport of Lock Haven
Aircraft Spruce and Specialty Company
Your FAA Safety Team
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4. RATIONALE:
Stalls are undoubtedly the most feared maneuver in the flight training curriculum. They are also an essential element of every single flight, in that an aircraft cannot land if its wing is still developing lift. In this FAA Safety Team Wings webinar, you'll learn how to love stalling the airplane just inches above the runway, while avoiding that dreaded stall/spin accident.
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5. OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this webinar, you will:
Understand and master critical angle of attack
Explain how wings stall at any speed, in any attitude
Practice approach-to-landing stalls to master the flare
Practice power-on stalls to avoid inadvertent spins
Convert a power-on to a power-off stall to aid recovery
Avoid spins by ensuring that both wings stall equally
Demonstrate safe stall and spin recovery procedures
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6. Caveat: Disclaimer: Waiver:
The procedures shown here are used successfully by one particular instructor, in one particular aircraft. They may not apply in your situation.
Disclaimer:
Nothing in this presentation should be considered a substitute for adequate dual training, conducted by an appropriately rated flight instructor familiar with your particular aircraft.
Waiver:
By viewing this presentation, you understand and agree that:
Flying is a sport
There is risk associated with all sports
You accept that risk
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7. Aerodynamics - How the wing lifts
Bernoulli’s Principle:
As the velocity of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. The accelerated air above the wing exerts less pressure on the wing than the un-accelerated air below it.
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8. Aerodynamics - How the wing lifts
Air flow over the wing creates downwash, the pushing of air down creates a lifting force.
The direct deflection of air downwards off of the lower surface of the wing also creates a resulting lifting force upward.
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9. Stall: automotive definition
The engine quits under load
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10. Stall: aerodyamic definition
The wing stops developing lift
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11. Common Stall Myths You can’t stall without pulling the nose up
You only stall when you go too slow
Stall speed is a constant number
You won’t stall if you stay above stall speed
To recover from a stall, you must add power
Failure to recover from a stall leads to a spin
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12. Cord Line Relative Wind Angle of Attack Airflow Separation Recovery
Anatomy of a Stall
Cord Line
Relative Wind
Angle of Attack
Airflow Separation
Recovery
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13. Anatomy of a Stall
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14. Anatomy of a Stall
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15. Critical Angle of Attack Can Be Exceeded In Any Flight Attitude!
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16. Doh!
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17. The engine quits under load The airspeed gets too low
A stall occurs when:
The engine quits under load
The airspeed gets too low
Critical Angle of Attack is exceeded
The nose gets too high
A spin develops
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18. “OK, now we’re going to do stalls!”
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19. Approach-to-landing stall Takeoff and departure stall
Three Types of Stall:
Approach-to-landing stall
often called a Power-Off Stall
Takeoff and departure stall
often called a Power-On Stall
Accelerated Stall
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20. The Approach-to-Landing Stall
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21. Glider and Stall Practice
Power off stall practice simulates an approach to landing, followed by a flare
So, the purpose of power off stalls is to learn how to flare properly
If you don’t stall, you can’t land!
Some pilots believe they can stay safe by never stalling
They’re still up there!
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22. The Approach-to-Landing Stall
Power reduction
Glide established
Stretching the glide
Stall recognition
Stall recovery
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23. Quiz time!
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24. Power-off stalls are used to simulate
takeoff rotation
landing flare
slow flight
go-around
touch-and-go
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25. Power-off stalls are used to simulate
takeoff rotation
landing flare
slow flight
go-around
touch-and-go
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26. Takeoff and Departure Stall
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27. Takeoff and Departure Stall
Establishing a climbout
Over-rotation
Obstacle clearance
Stall recognition
Stall recovery
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28. To go down, pull stick way back.
To go up, pull stick back.
To go down, pull stick way back.
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29. Departure Stall Recovery
Reduce power
Reduce angle of attack
Rudder to keep wings level
Add climb-out power
Establish best climb speed
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30. Another Question!
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31. The first step in recovery from a power-on stall should be to
Level the wings
Lower the nose
Add full power
Convert it to a power-off stall
Pull back on the stick
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32. The first step in recovery from a power-on stall should be to
Level the wings
Lower the nose
Add full power
Convert it to a power-off stall
Pull back on the stick
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33. Accelerated stall
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34. Abrupt control changes Secondary stalls
Accelerated stall
Load factor
Bank angle
Abrupt control changes
Secondary stalls
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35. Accelerated stall
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36. Accelerated stall
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37. Accelerated stall
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38. Secondary stall
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39. I know this one!
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40. Happens at lower than normal airspeed Occurs only during a steep turn
An accelerated stall
Happens at lower than normal airspeed
Occurs only during a steep turn
Is another name for a secondary stall
Can occur with little warning
Results in little altitude loss
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41. Happens at lower than normal airspeed Occurs only during a steep turn
An accelerated stall
Happens at lower than normal airspeed
Occurs only during a steep turn
Is another name for a secondary stall
Can occur with little warning
Results in little altitude loss
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42. Spin Avoidance and Recovery
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43. Spin Avoidance and Recovery
Torque affects
Power reduction
Breaking the stall
Stopping the rotation
Flying out of the dive
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44. To go down, pull stick way back.
To go up, pull stick back.
To go down, pull stick way back.
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45. Necessary Conditions for a Spin
Critical angle of attack exceeded
One wing stalls first
Asymmetrical lift
Aggravated by torque
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46. Overshooting turn to final
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47. Overshooting turn to final
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48. Spin Recovery Technique
Remove excess torque
Break the stall
Stop the rotation
Level the wings
Recover from power off stall
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49. Final Question!
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50. You overshoot the turn to final One wing stalls before the other
A spin can occur when
You overshoot the turn to final
One wing stalls before the other
The aircraft is cross-controlled
You initiate a go-around without rudder
Any of the above
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51. You overshoot the turn to final One wing stalls before the other
A spin can occur when
You overshoot the turn to final
One wing stalls before the other
The aircraft is cross-controlled
You initiate a go-around without rudder
Any of the above
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52. Final Safety Thoughts Practice at an adequate altitude
Ailerons lose effectiveness
Steer with your feet
If all else fails, let go
Don’t spin unless approved in aircraft
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53. Respect All Placards!
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54. Caveat: Disclaimer: Waiver:
The procedures shown here are used successfully by one particular instructor, in one particular aircraft. They may not apply in your situation.
Disclaimer:
Nothing in this presentation should be considered a substitute for adequate dual training, conducted by an appropriately rated flight instructor familiar with your particular aircraft.
Waiver:
By viewing this presentation, you understand and agree that:
Flying is a sport
There is risk associated with all sports
You accept that risk
Presentation Copyright © 2018

55. Presentation Copyright © 2018