1. Training in Public Services
PGPPA02C002T
Training in Public Services
“Training is expensive. Without Training it is more expensive”.
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru

2. Meaning of Training The Dictionary meaning of training is-
“ Imparting instructions in a particular art, profession, or occupation”
According to William G. Torpey
“ Training is the process of developing skills, habits, knowledge and attitude in employees in their present government position as well as preparing employees for future government positions.”

3. In brief Training - Is a conscious, deliberate and planned effort
Is a continuous process; it has to be repeated from time to time in view of the fast changes taking place in the society
Is specific and limited
Is for imparting instructions about a particular work or profession
Is to improve the skill, knowledge and effectiveness of the employees in their tasks
Aims at preparing employees for higher responsibilities

4. Objectives of the Training
It improves the efficiency of the employees
It improves the occupational skill
Induct a new employee into the organization
Give him knowledge of the goals and objectives of the organization
Help the employee to adjust with the new organizational changes
Remove the weaknesses of the newly recruited employee
Keep the employees informed about the latest developments
Improve the integrity and morale of the employees
Develops a sense of community service and belongingness in the employees

5. Types of Training Formal and Informal Training
Short- term and Long - term- Training
Pre - entry and Post - entry Training
Centralized and Decentralized Training
Skill Training and Background Training
Orientation Training

6. Training Methods and Techniques
On Job Training
Job Instruction Training
Vestibule Training
Demonstration and Examples
Apprenticeship
Classroom Methods-
Lecture Method
Group Discussion
Syndicate Method
Case Studies
Conference Method
Role Playing
T- Group Training

7. Training Contents
Human Aspects:
Job Aspect :
Organizational Aspect:

8. Human Aspects Capabilities and Capacities Attitudes
Ecological Understanding
Human Relations

9. Job Aspects
Competence
Productivity
Qualities
Comprehension

10. Organizational Aspect
Communication Skill
Interpersonal Relations
Organizational Development
Organizational Change

11. Agencies & Institutes of Training in India
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration - Mussoorie
Sardar vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy - Hyderabad
Indira Gandhi National Forrest Academy- Dehradun
Foreign Service Institute – New Delhi
Institute of Secretariat Training and Management-Delhi
Indian Institute of Public Administration- New Delhi
National Institute of Rural Development- Hyderabad
Administrative Staff College- Hyderabad
Indian Audit and Accounts Services Staff College – Shimla
National Forest Research Institute- Dehradun
Railway Staff College- Baroda
All India Institute of local Self Government- Mumbai

12. Indian System of Training
Probationers of the All India Services and Central Services Class-I are given Institutional Training in the following phases:
Foundation Course: Emphasis is laid on the teaching of the basic subjects like- public Administration, Economics, Planning , law, Political Science, Indian Culture, Constitution, History, The National Movements etc. and to develop esprit de corps.
Professional Course: After Foundation Course of five month all the probationers have to attend the professional training in their respective training institutes.
Refresh Courses : Refreshers Courses are short term training courses of duration ranges from one week to four weeks.

13. Problems in Training Process In India
Costly Exercise
Negligible expenditure on training
Training system is not linked with the education and research methods existing in the country
Mostly training institute follows traditional lecture methods of training
Contents of training programmes are not always relevant and meaningful for trainees.
Middle and lower level personnel are neglected
Training lays more emphasis on theory than practical
Lack of Qualified Trainers for training

14. Recommendations of ARC-II Report -10
Every government employee should undergo a mandatory training at the induction stage and also periodically during his/her career.
A monitoring mechanism should be set up for overseeing the implementation of the National Training Policy (1996).
The practice of having a ‘Common foundation Course’ for all Group ‘A’ Services should continue. For Group ‘B’ and ‘C’ Services , the institute of Secretariat Training and Management may be developed as the nodal agency for design and delivery of common Foundation Courses.
All civil servant should undergo mandatory training before each promotion
Cont……..

15. Cont….
Mid Career learning opportunities relevant to specific domains or specializations should be made available for officers.
A strong network of training institutions at the Union and States levels need to be built up to provide the training requirements of civil servants.
The composition of governing bodies of the national training institutions such as the LBSNAA, SVPNPA, IGNFA and also the state Administrative Training Institutes should be broadened by inducting eminent experts.
A national institute of good governance may be set up by upgrading one of the existing national/ state institute. This institute would identify, documents and distribute best practices and also conduct training programmes.