1. THE END OF THE COLD WAR

2. RONALD REAGAN STRONG STANCE VS. USSR: HARSH RHETORIC:
USSR THE “EVIL EMPIRE”
BUILDS UP U.S. MILITARY TO USE AS LEVERAGE IN NEGOTIATIONS
DO NOW!
EXPLAIN HOW HAVING A STRONGER MILITARY WOULD HELP THE U.S. NEGOTIATE WITH THE USSR.
RONALD REAGAN

3. STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE (SDI)
U.S. BEGINS RESEARCH ON ANTI- MISSILE SATELLITE DEFENSE SYSTEM
NICKNAMED “STAR WARS”
USSR CONCERNED:
BELIEVE U.S. CAN MAKE SYSTEM WORK
MANY AMERICANS SKEPTICAL:
TECHNOLOGY DID NOT EXIST
TOO EXPENSIVE

6. REAGAN SUPPORTS ANTI-COMMUNIST REBELS (CONTRAS) IN NICARAGUA

8. REAGAN INVADES CARIBBEAN ISLAND OF GRENADA
GRENADA DEVELOPING CLOSE TIES WITH COMMUNIST CUBA

9. GORBACHEV TAKES OVER 1985 – MIKHAIL GORBACHEV NEW LEADER OF USSR:
INHERITS MANY PROBLEMS
TRIES NEW LIBERAL REFORMS:
GLASNOST - ALLOWED OPEN CRITICISM OF THE USSR AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
PERESTROIKA – ECONOMIC REFORMS - SOME PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
FIRST STEPS TOWARDS LIMITED DEMOCRACY

10. THE SOVIET ECONOMY BEGINS TO COLLAPSE:
INEFFICIENCIES
ATTEMPTS TO MATCH U.S. MILITARY SPENDING
Comparison between USSR and US economies (1989) according to 1990 CIA World Factbook[19]
USSR US
GDP ( millions $)
2,659,500
5,233,300
Population (July 1990)
290,938,469
250,410,000
GDP Per Capita ($)
9,211
21,082
Labour force (1989)
152,300,000
125,557,000

11. NEW SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY
SOUGHT BETTER RELATIONS WITH U.S.
SIGNED TREATY TO REDUCE NUCLEAR WEAPONS PRODUCED BY BOTH U.S. & USSR
ALLOWED COMMUNIST SATELLITE NATIONS TO BECOME DEMOCRATIC & INDEPENDENT

12. REAGAN AND GORBY DISCUSSING THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS TREATY

13. PLEASE DO NOW!
WHY DO YOU THINK MIKHAIL GORBACHEV DECIDED TO SEEK BETTER RELATIONS WITH THE U.S. AND TO ALLOW THE FALL OF COMMUNIST GOVERNMENTS IN EASTERN EUROPE?

14. POLAND LEADS THE WAY
1989: POLISH TRADE UNION SOLIDARITY DEFEATED THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN ELECTIONS
LECH WAŁĘSA, THE LEADER OF SOLIDARITY, BECAME PRESIDENT OF POLAND

15. COLLAPSE OF EASTERN EUROPE
EAST GERMANY:
NOV. 1989: EAST GERMANY OPENED BERLIN WALL
BERLINERS BEGAN TEARING DOWN THE WALL

16. BRINGING THE WALL DOWN

18. GERMANY WAS REUNIFIED IN 1990

19. OTHER REVOLUTIONS CZECHOSLOVAKIA VELVET REVOLUTION (NON-VIOLENT)
LATVIA, LITHUANIA AND ESTONIA DECLARED THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM THE USSR
HUNGARY, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA BECAME DEMOCRACIES

21. DECLINE OF THE SOVIET UNION
GORBY’S REFORMS LED TO NATIONALISM IN NON-RUSSIAN SOVIET REPUBLICS
COMMUNIST HARDLINERS FAILED IN AN ATTEMPT TO OVERTHROW GORBACHEV
IN DEC. 1991, 14 NON-RUSSIAN REPUBLICS DECLARED INDEPENDENCE
GORBY RESIGNED & THE USSR (ALONG WITH THE COLD WAR) CAME TO AN END
BORIS YELTSIN IS ELECTED THE FIRST PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

22. DO NOW!
WOULD YOU GIVE PRESIDENT REAGAN ANY CREDIT FOR BRINGING THE COLD WAR TO AN END? EXPLAIN.

23. CHINA AFTER THE COLD WAR
COMMUNISM GOES ON:
IN 1980s CHINESE GOV’T EASED ITS GRIP ON BUSINESSES AND TRADE
DEMANDS FOR DEMOCRACY:
MASSIVE STUDENT DEMONSTRATIONS IN BEIJING’S TIANANMEN SQUARE
CHINESE MILITARY CRUSHED THE REVOLTS
THE WORLD WATCHED IN HORROR AS ARMED FORCES SLAUGHTERED UNARMED STUDENTS

24. AN UNKNOWN PROTESTOR BLOCKS THE TANKS SENT TO BREAK UP THE STUDENT PROTESTS