1. The New Industrial Age

2. A New Industrial Age
Life at the end of the nineteenth century was changing rapidly
Availability of natural resources, new inventions, and a receptive market combined to fuel a boom
Large businesses grew larger, and workers united to demand higher pay, shorter hours, and better working conditions

3. From Cottage Industry…

4. To Factory System

5. Technology

6. Cotton Gin
Whitney’s cotton gin easily separated cotton fibers from the seeds, a job previously done by hand

7. Steam Engine
An internal combustion engine that used boiling water to produce motion
Used in:
Locomotives
Factories
Mines
Ships

8. Electricity Provided power for machinery
Allowed plants to be located anywhere
Improved quality of life
Spurred innovation
“Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration”

9. Telephone
The telephone replaced Morse’s telegraph and truly connected the nation

10. Steelmaking Process
Bessemer and Kelly developed a new process for making steel
Lighter
More flexible
Rust resistant

11. Industrial Growth
Between 1865 and 1900, the United States experienced unprecedented economic growth
In 1860 manufacturers were worth about $2 billion –
by 1900 they were worth over $11 billion
Iron ore production nearly quadrupled from 7 million long-tons to 27 million long-tons
Steel output rose from less than 1 million tons to over 11 million tons
GNP tripled during that time
Railroad mileage increased from 30,000 to 250,000 miles

12. Canals Canals are used to connect two bodies of water
They allow shippers to transport large amounts of cargo
The first major canal was the Erie Canal, linking the Hudson River to Lake Erie (1825)
Soon canals connected the midwest to the east coast and gulf coast

15. Railroads
The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient

16. In 1856 railroads reached the Mississippi River
By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was completed, meeting at Promontory Point, Utah

18. Linking America The Good The Bad Improved travel Promoted trade
Allowed for specialization
New towns developed
The Bad
Company towns
Corruption
Price fixing

20. The Patrons of Husbandry
Commonly known as “The Grange”
Farmers banded together to fight:
Transportation costs
Lending costs
Equipment costs
Seed costs
Price fixing

21. The National Grange
Grangers created a political movement to protect their interests
Offered farmers education, fellowship, and support, and encouraged economic self-sufficiency
Looked to gets states to limit railroad rates and did get many laws passed
Munn v. Illinois
Railroads put pressure on the state legislatures and the laws were repealed
Interstate Commerce Act