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Women and household financial decision making in PNG

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Presentation on theme: "Women and household financial decision making in PNG"— Presentation transcript:

1 Women and household financial decision making in PNG
Rohan Fox and Christopher Hoy Photo credit: Kahunapule Michael John, flickr creative commons

2 2 large scale surveys 688 total respondents
Morobe/Madang (2014) Wewak (2017) 688 total respondents 301 women in male headed households All household members surveyed Random, representative sample 3035 total respondents 379 women in male headed households 1 respondent surveyed per household Random, representative sample While the surveys are very similar, the questions and sampling method were not exactly the same (we did not conduct the surveys, they were undertaken by the ADB and World Bank)

3 Factors that could affect female financial decision making at the household level
Financial inclusion Owning a bank account Using a bank account Household characteristics Location (rural versus urban, near a bank, cost to get to town) Household source of income (i.e. food/business, wage, cocoa) Household members (total number, total number of working age) Average household income Individual characteristics Education Level of individual contribution to household income Financial behaviour and literacy Budgeting behaviour (i.e. do they write a budget?, do they stick to their budget?) Cultural norms

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8 Method Start out by separating women solely responsible for expenditure (daily, regular, major) to those who are not See if those responsible have more of any of the relevant factors previously outlined, than those who don’t Repeat for women involved at all in expenditure Do for both surveys Statistical analysis 12 stepwise regressions conducted OLS results checked against logit regression results for robustness This is not a causal study

9 Factors that could affect female financial decision making at the household level
Household characteristics Household source of income (i.e. food/business, wage, cocoa) Household members (Total number, total number of working age) Average household income House is near a bank Individual characteristics Education Financial behaviour and literacy Budgeting behaviour (i.e. write a budget, stick to a budget) Financial inclusion Owning a bank account Using a bank account Cultural norms

10 Key findings Financial inclusion is not clearly correlated with women having greater decision making Having secondary or higher education is associated with greater levels of female decision making Household income is negatively associated with higher levels of female decision making – puzzle – could be in cases where husband is sick or incapacitated – meaning that women make more decisions and the family earns less money, or that at lower incomes household decisions are seen as a burden rather than a benefit Lack of covariates associated with women having greater decision making in households for major decisions – not even education has an impact, suggesting that perhaps cultural factors are particularly important Source of income matters – whereas living in a household which gets most of its income from farming/gardening or business activity is associated positively with daily decision making, those with income derived from cocoa reported less involvement

11 Household characteristics Individual characteristics
RESULTS MOMASE 2014 Female respondent Male respondent Female solo Female involved Daily Major Household characteristics Respondents household relies on farm/garden or business - Respondents household relies on wage income Respondents household relies on cocoa income Total household income per work-age person Urban + Number of household members Number of household members of working age Individual characteristics Secondary education Financial behaviour Respondent budgets Respondent writes down budget Respondent sticks to budget Respondent saves some of what they earn in a week Financial inclusion Respondent owns a bank account Respondent uses a bank account at least once a month

12 Household characteristics Individual characteristics
RESULTS WEWAK 2017 Female respondent Male respondent Female solo Female involved Daily Major Household characteristics Respondents household relies on farm/garden or business + Respondents household relies on wage income Respondents household relies on cocoa income - Total household income per work-age person Contribution to household income Urban Costs over 10 kina to get to town Number of household members Number of household members of working age Individual characteristics Secondary education Financial behaviour Respondent budgets Respondent writes down budget Respondent sticks to budget Respondent saves some of what they earn in a week Financial inclusion Respondent owns a bank account Respondent uses a bank account at least once a month

13 Thank you


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