1. Kingdom Protista

2. The catch-all kingdom
Two major groups:
Protozoa
Algae

3. Protozoa Characteristics
Single celled
Microscopic
Move independently – named for mechanism of movement
65,000 species
Most heterotrophic
Free-living or parasitic
All capable of asexual reproduction through binary or multiple fission
Some reproduce sexually through conjugation

4. Sexual reproduction

5. Asexual reproduction
Binary
fission

6. Classification Currently based on how they move:
Pseudopodia
Cilia
Flagella
No appendages/limited movement
Scientists are reviewing this by looking at phylogeny and genetic studies

7. 4 Phyla of Protozoans
Sarcodina
Ciliophora
Zoomastigina
Sporozoa

8. Specialisation
Protists show the beginnings of specialisation and adaptation
Physiological & structural mechanisms such as eyespots
Form cysts
Multiple nuclei
Complicated, multi-staged life-cycles (eg malaria)
Multiple hosts

9. Evolution of Protista Prokaryotes – 3.5 billion years ago
Eukaryotes – 1.5 billion years ago
Protozoan thought to be descendents of first eukaryotes
Endosymbiotic Theory

10. Endosymbiotic Theory

11. Phylums…

12. Sarcodina 40,000 species Amoebas Pseudopodia – most move
Cytoplasmic streaming
Eat other protists
Forams – produce a shell (test) made from CaCO3 – sink to bottom and make limestone and chalk deposits

13. Radiolaria (diatoms) – produce a scaffold-like test made from SiO2

14. Entamoeba histolytica – amoebic dysentery

16. Phylum Ciliophora 8,000 species Move using cilia
Pellicle, oral groove, gullet, macronucleus, micronucleus
Paramecium

17. Phylum Zoomastigina 2,500 species Move using flagella Most free-living
Cause disease – zooflagellates
African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse fly
Chagas Disease – kissing bug
Leishmaniasis – sand fly
giardiasis

18. The tsetse fly – sleeping sickness vector

19. The Kissing Bug
T.Cruzi – Chaga’s disease

20. Leishmaniasis

21. Giardia
Giardia lamblia

22. Phylum Sporozoa 6,000 species Carried in blood
Cause disease like toxoplasmosis and malaria
Know malaria cycle!!!!