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Introductory Psychology: Learning

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1 Introductory Psychology: Learning
Learning is when you learn something…? AP Psychology: Unit VI

2 Learning: Observational Learning
Part ONE Monkey see, monkey do…

3 A Scenario… Two young boys & their father were seated in a restaurant looking at the menus. A waitress came to the table and immediately began to talk to the boys… “How old are you?” “I’m five.” “I’m four.” She continued to ask questions & play games with the boys and then asked the older boy…

4 A Scenario… “What would you like to eat?” “I’d like a damn hamburger.” At this his father swung his arm across the table, violently slapping the boy who began to cry and move away from his father… This disturbed the waitress greatly, and trying to make a bad situation better, she turned to the younger child and asked… “And what would you like to eat?”

5 A Scenario… At this, the young boy replied…
“Well, I sure as hell don’t want a damn hamburger! How does this illustrate observational learning? What does this demonstrate about the negative aspects of punishment?

6 Learning: Observational Learning
Learning a new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior Involves being conditioned indirectly by virtue of observing others Begins very early in life Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory Examines the impact of a model on its subjects

7 Learning: Observational Learning
Mirror Neurons Frontal lobe neurons that fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so The brain’s mirroring of another’s action may enable imitation, language learning and empathy Aid in observational learning

8 Learning: Observational Learning
Bobo Doll Study (Albert Bandura, 1961) Indicated that individuals (children) learn through the imitation of others who receive rewards and punishments Children watched an adult model show aggressive behavior toward a Bobo doll Three experimental conditions The model was praised The model was punished The model received no consequences for the aggressive behavior Results?

9

10 Learning: Observational Learning
Four Basic Processes in O.L. Attention Must pay attention to a model’s behavior & its consequences Retention Must store a mental representation Reproduction Must convert stored mental image into overt behavior Not always an easy task Motivation Must believe that behavior is likely to pay off

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