1. Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
Unit 8
Motivation, Emotion, and Stress

2. Unit 8
Day 1 – The Basis of Motivation (Module 37) Day 2 – Hunger and Sex (Modules 38 & 39) Day 3 – The Need to Belong (Module 40) and Week 1 Vocabulary Quiz Day 4 – Theories of Emotion and Detection (Modules 41 & 42) Day 5 – Stress and Unit 8 Review (Modules 43 & 44) Day 6 – CUA 8!

3. Module 42: Emotional Expression

4. Detecting Emotion in Others
Non-verbal cues
Aspects of a person’s emotional state that are evident without being explicitly said
Non-verbal cues can include furrowed eyebrows, crossed arms, eye-rolls, and smiles
The Duchene smile:
Investigated by Paul Ekman, a behavioral and facial emotion researcher
Which is fake?
The right image. Real smiles engage the facial muscles all over the face, including the eyes.
Key Point #6: How did our activity demonstrate the importance of non-verbal communication in humans?
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5. Gender, Emotion, and Non-Verbal Behavior

6. Gender, Emotion, and Non-Verbal Behavior

7. Gender, Emotion, and Non-Verbal Behavior
Why did we view the two faces in a different way, despite it being gender neutral?
Anger is typically seen as a “masculine” trait; if a face is smiling, 4/5ths of people see it as female. If scowling, 3/4ths report it as male.
Women are better at reading non-verbal emotion than men.
Men are also less likely to describe themselves as empathetic (compassionate toward the feelings of others) than women.
Men and women also differ on emotional expression – though both men and women self-report equal rates of the emotion, women are more likely to express it.

8. Culture and Non-Verbal Expression
In many cultures, hand gestures are wildly different:
overseas-travel-customs-symbolism-countries
However, facial features are broadly the same.

9. The Power of Facial Expressions
Facial feedback effect: as early as William James (1890), psychologists have hypothesized that you can control your emotions
When you manipulate your face into a certain expression, such as a smile, you begin to feel happy – our facial expressions can trigger emotions
Key Point #7: Explain the facial feedback effect.
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