1. Metalloids, Nonmetals, Radioactive Elements

2. Metalloids
Found on the stair case on the periodic table between the metals and non metals
Also called semi-metals
Have characteristic of metals and non metals
Used in making computer chips
Physical Properties:
appear to be metal in appearance, but brittle
Varying ability to conduct electricity
Depends on light and temperature
Chemical Properties:
Form alloys with metals
Chemically behave like nonmetals

3. Fill in the blank
Metalloids are found on the __________________ in the periodic table
They are also called _________________
They have the characteristics of _____________ & ______________
They look like metal but they are ________________
They behave like _______________ chemically
Staircase
Semi-metals
Metals and nonmetals
Brittle
Nonmetals

4. Nonmetals Highly volatile (easily vaporized) Low elasticity
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle
Easily share or gain electrons
10 of the 16 nonmetals are gases at room temperature
Not defined by what it is but by what its not. Comparing to metals

5. Fill in the Blank Nonmetals are:
_____________ conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle and easily ____________ and gain electrons
Poor
share

6. Nonmetals Halogens Group 17 Halogen means salt former
Compounds containing halogens are salts (NaCl)
7 electrons in there outer shell
At room temp, the can exist in all three states of matter
Ex. Chlorine

7. Fill in the Blank Halogens are group _________
Halogens means ____________
An element in the halogen group is ___________ 17
Salt former
Chlorine

8. Nonmetals Noble Gases Group 18 Colorless
Do not ordinarily form compounds
Because they do not gain or lose elections
Their outer electron shell is full
Stable
Exist in Earth’s atmosphere in small amounts
Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

9. Fill in the blank Group 18 are known as the ____________________
Their outer electron shell is ____________
They are ________________ elements
An example of a noble gas is ________________
Noble gases
Full
Stable
Helium

10. Radioactive elements
Atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons called isotopes.
Some isotopes are unstable  nuclei do not hold together well
These unstable nuclei of isotopes release fast moving particles and energy  radioactive decay
The particles and energy produced during radioactive decay are forms of nuclear radiation
Three types of radioactive decay
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
process

11. Fill in the blank
An isotope as a different number of _______________ than protons
Some isotopes are ________________
Unstable isotopes release energy called ___________________
Neutrons
Unstable
Radioactive decay

12. Alpha Decay Alpha particle  two protons and two neutrons (+) charged
Same as He nucleus
Decreases atomic number by 2 and mass by 4
Ex: Thorium-232 decays to Radium- 228
Radium to radon

13. Beta Decay
Neutron turns into proton after it emits a beta particle (electron)
This makes the atom more stable
Atom has one less neutron and one more proton
Mass remains the same
Atomic number increases by one
Ex Carbon-14 decays to Nitrogen- 14

14. Gamma Decay Also known as gamma rays
Consists of high energy waves, similar to X-rays
Seen in both alpha and beta decay
Does not change atomic mass or number

15. Fill in the blank
The three types of radioactive decay are _____________, ________________, and ________________

16. Effects of Nuclear Radiation
Alpha Radiation: similar to bad burn on skin
Beta Radiation: damage cells
Gamma Radiation: severely damage cells

17. Using Radioactive Isotopes
Used as tracers
Plants absorb tracers so biologists can observe how the plant uses that element
Added to liquid to detect weak spots in metal pipes
Medicine
Tracers injected into the body to make images of the body
Radiation therapy to kill cancer cells

18. Fill in the blanks
Radioactive decays is used for _________________________ to kill cancer cells
Radiation therapy