1. Minerals, Rocks, Aggregates, Metals
Physical Resources
Minerals, Rocks, Aggregates, Metals

2. Mining methods e.g large open cast
Unsustainable Methods
Mining methods e.g large open cast
Mining the Resources
Ore processing – requires huge energy inputs and produces large volumes of waste

3. Consequences Land Disturbance Subsidence Water Pollution
Acid Mine Drainage
Mining the Resources
Dust and Noise Pollution
Habitat Loss
Larger energy inputs

4. Mining the Resources Locally- Nationally-
Methods to increase sustainability
Locally-
Landscaping
Water sprays
Baffle Mounds
Timing – blasting and transporting resources in daylight hours
Leachate Collection
Acid Neutralisation
Mining the Resources
Nationally-
Quotas- Reduces the extraction and over use of limited resources
Internationally-
Benefaction – the upgrading of a resource that was previously considered to be too costly to extract. Relieves pressure on other resources
Development of new technologies e.g gravity and seismic surveys to accurately detect resources

5. Resource wastage Unnecessary use Over consumption Using the Resources
Unsustainable Methods
Resource wastage
Unnecessary use
Using the Resources
Over consumption

6. Consequences Resource depletion Using the Resources Deeper mines
Increase in cost
Search for resources in new, undisturbed areas
Using the Resources
Deeper mines
Lower grade ores

7. Using the Resources Locally- Nationally-
Methods to increase sustainability
Locally-
Recycling- If organised efficiently, it can reduce the demand on fresh deposits of resources. New technologies have also made it possible to recovery waste
Nationally-
Using the Resources
Maximisation – the use of a variety of methods to avoid waste and increase production of a resource
Internationally-
Substitution e.g replacing lead for graphite in pencils or tungsten for LED lightbulbs
Rationing- Last resort management strategy but could become a reality in future if consumption remains at the current rate e.g the Second World War