1. WARM-UP 10/7/13
Have an Atom Project to turn in?
Put it on the front table.
Draw the Lewis dot structures of the following elements:
H, C, N, O, Cl
For each of the elements above, write down how many paired electrons there are and how many unpaired electrons there are.

2. Understand why atoms bond.
10/7/13 Objectives
Understand why atoms bond.
Understand how many bonds a certain atom can make.

3. Free radicals and antioxidants
10/7/13 Agenda
Free radicals and antioxidants
Ionic bonding demo
Covalent bonding

4. With unpaired electrons, atoms are very reactive.
Why do atoms bond?
With unpaired electrons, atoms are very reactive.
Atoms with unpaired electrons are called radicals

5. Free Radicals and Antioxidants

6. Effects of Free Radicals

7. More are produced from stress, fatty foods, smoking, and drinking
Where do they come from?
Naturally occurring
More are produced from stress, fatty foods, smoking, and drinking

8. Antioxidants

9. Help white blood cells destroy bacteria
Free radicals are good too!
Help white blood cells destroy bacteria

10. Ionic Bonding Demo
I need two volunteers!

11. Ionic Bonding Demo Recap
Then opposites attract!
Metal
Nonmetal
Loses electrons
Gains electrons
Becomes a cation (positive charge)
Becomes an anion (negative charge)

12. Ionic Bonding Demo Recap

13. Ionic Compounds Milk of Magnesia (Magnesium hydroxide – Mg(OH)2)
Table Salt
(NaCl – Sodium chloride)
Pyrite (fool’s gold)
(Iron (II) sulfide – FeS2)
Chlorine bleach
(Sodium hypochlorite – NaClO)

14. I need another two volunteers!
Not everything makes ionic compound though!
I need another two volunteers!

15. Covalent bond – bond made between two atoms by sharing electrons.
What happened?
Shared electrons
Covalent bond – bond made between two atoms by sharing electrons.

16. How do we know how many electrons are available for bonding?

17. Bonding
Like strangers at four park benches, each electron wants to sit alone first before sharing.

18. Bonding
So oxygen has four paired electrons and two unpaired electrons.
That means that oxygen can make two bonds.

19. How many bonds can each of those elements from your warm-up make?
Bonding
Go back to your warm-up.
How many bonds can each of those elements from your warm-up make?
H, C, N, O, Cl

20. You are going to be building molecular models
Bonding Activity
You are going to be building molecular models
Each model that you make, draw it inside your notebook with a color key.

21. Bonding Activity
In these models, do not need to show paired electrons.
DO show them in the drawings.
Only represent unpaired electrons with toothpicks.
Have a color key!

22. Molecules you will be making:
Bonding Activity
Molecules you will be making:
Water (H2O)
Ammonia (NH3)
Methane (CH4)
Propane (C3H8)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Challenge!
Laughing gas (N2O)
Carbon monoxide (CO)

23. -Be like a covalent bond and share a piece of paper with a neighbor.
Debrief
-Be like a covalent bond and share a piece of paper with a neighbor.
-Write what the difference is between ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Explain how the octet rule is followed in each.

24. 10/7/13 Homework (Period 1)
Find and draw the molecular structure of one of the following nucleic acids according to your last name:
Last Name begins with:
Nucleic Acid to Look up
A-E
Thymine
F-K
Guanine
I-O
Cytosine
P-Z
Adenine

25. 10/7/13 Homework (Period 2)
Find and draw the molecular structure of one of the following nucleic acids according to your last name:
Last Name begins with:
Nucleic Acid to Look up
A-F
Thymine
H-N
Guanine
O-R
Cytosine
S-Z
Adenine

26. 10/7/13 Homework (Period 4)
Find and draw the molecular structure of one of the following nucleic acids according to your last name:
Last Name begins with:
Nucleic Acid to Look up
A-E
Thymine
F-M
Guanine
N-S
Cytosine
T-Z
Adenine