1. Journal 4/19
REVIEW your notes from Friday’s reading, and be able to explain how these work: (These are guaranteed questions on our next quiz!)
Initiative
Direct Primary
Referendum
Recall
What is the goal of the game “Monopoly”?

2. From the Gilded Age to the Progressive Era
How did the problems of the Gilded Age lead to change?

3. The Gilded Age
The time period (about ) when the U.S. experienced huge growth of industry and wealth.

4. Industrialization
The development of industries (think factories) and mass production on a large scale.

5. Benefits of Industrialization
More money for the U.S. economy as a whole
More money for the leaders of businesses
A newly-established middle class of factory managers and businessmen
More job opportunities for people

6. Problems with Industrialization
Major, rapid growth of cities (called urbanization) leads to
Terrible working conditions
Terrible living conditions (crowded, unsanitary, unsafe)
Corruption (government officials taking bribes, using intimidation, violence, etc)

7. Monopolies
The aim of many businesses in the late 1800s was to eliminate competition and dominate a particular area of the economy.
Monopoly: Complete possession or control of the supply or trade in a good or a service

8. Trusts
A group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board in order to form a monopoly

9. Changes in the way we worked and where we worked
Many people moved to cities to get factory jobs!

10. Injustice, Exposed!
Several of the injustices that occurred during the early 1900s were exposed by journalists called muckrakers.
It was this exposure that lead directly to the progressive era.

11. What do you think this cartoon represents?
What is happening in the arena?
In the background?
Would it be easier to replace a craftsman who makes goods by hand or an industrial laborer? Why?
monopoloy
labor

12. Life for the Workforce

13. Mulberry Street Bend, 1889

14. 5-Cent Lodgings

15. Men’s Lodgings

16. Women’s Lodgings

17. Immigrant Family Lodgings

18. Dumbbell Tenement Plan
Tenement House Act of 1879, NYC

19. Italian-American Rag-Picker

20. 1890s ”Morgue” – Basement Saloon

21. ”Bandits’ Roost”

22. Mullen’s Alley ”Gang”

23. The Street Was Their Playground

24. Lower East Side Immigrant Family

25. A Struggling Immigrant Family

26. Another Struggling Immigrant Family

27. ”Black & Tan” Saloon

28. Child Labor

29. Child Labor

30. The Jungle
In 1906, no one was required to inspect meat that was sold to the American public. Public reaction to Upton Sinclair's book The Jungle was a major factor in the passage of the 1907 Meat Inspection Act, which established a system of meat inspection that lasted until July 1996, when the federal government announced new rules requiring more scientifically advanced methods of meat inspection.

31. Chicago Stockyards 1906

32. Slaughter House Floor

33. Meat Cleaver

34. Women Generally Worked as Packers

35. Journal
Should employees be able to demand certain things of their employers?
What rights should workers have?
What can workers do if they feel they are being treated unfairly?
How is life in an urban area different from life in the country?

36. Labor Unions
Periodic unemployment and poor working conditions were a fact of life for workers
Employers held enormous power over the lives of their workers and could lower wages and fire employees at will.
To improve conditions, increasing numbers of American workers formed labor unions.
Labor Unions: an organized group of workers formed to protect and further their rights and interests

37. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor “scabs”
P. R. campaign
Pinkertons
lockout
blacklisting
yellow-dog contracts
court injunctions
boycotts
sympathy demonstrations
informational picketing
organized strikes
“wildcat” strikes

38. Labor Unrest:

39. Corporate Pinkerton Agents
Pinkertons = labor spies trying to stop unionization of companies.

40. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

41. Several Early Unions Helped To Advance the Cause of Labor

42. An injury to one is the concern of all!
Knights of Labor
Terence V. Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!

43. Goals of the Knights of Labor
Eight-hour workday.
Workers’ cooperatives.
Worker-owned factories.
Abolition of child labor.
Increased circulation of greenbacks.
Equal pay for men and women.
Safety codes in the workplace.
Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

44. The American Federation of Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers

45. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers
Catered to the skilled worker.
Represented workers in matters of national legislation.
Maintained a national strike fund.
Evangelized the cause of unionism.
Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.
Mediated disputes between management and labor.

46. 2. How is it different than the One we looked at earlier?
1. What is this cartoon
trying to say?
2. How is it different than the
One we looked at earlier?

47. Labor Union Membership