1. Management of external small bowel fistulae: Challenges and controversies confronting the general surgeon 
Daniel E. Wainstein, Victoria Tüngler, Constanza Ravazzola, Osvaldo Chara 
International Journal of Surgery 
Volume 9, Issue 3, Pages (January 2011)
DOI: /j.ijsu
Copyright © 2010 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
ESBF Treatment Guide. Schematic diagram of practical therapeutic ESBF management.
International Journal of Surgery 2011 9, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2010 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Sub-atmospheric Pressure (Vacuum-Compaction) System. Illustration of the technical device applying sub-atomospheric pressure.
International Journal of Surgery 2011 9, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2010 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Compaction Chamber. A) Karaya paste is spread on the skin of the abdomen. The paste is then covered with a coat of polymer fibers where the evacuation tubes are embedded and finally sealed with polythene film. B) Application of sub-atmospheric pressure leads to polymer contraction. This causes tension on the fistula orifice and forces the wound edges together.
International Journal of Surgery 2011 9, DOI: ( /j.ijsu )
Copyright © 2010 Surgical Associates Ltd Terms and Conditions