1. Mark E. Josephson, and Elad Anter JACEP 2015;1:341-352
The Effects of Angle of Incidence and Conduction Velocity on Bipolar Voltage Bipolar voltage is plotted against angle of incidence and activation time between the 2 unipolar signals from which the bipole is derived. Perpendicular refers to the angle of incidence and transverse and parallel longitudinal refer to the relationship of the electrodes to fiber orientation. Adapted with permission from Josephson's Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, 5th edition, 2015, Wolters Kluwer Health.
Mark E. Josephson, and Elad Anter JACEP 2015;1:
American College of Cardiology Foundation