1. University Of Seoul A Novel Accessibility (Serviceability) Measure using Travel Time and Space Syntax Indices Lee, Seungjae Lee, Byoungwook

2. University Of Seoul Contents Introduction 1 Definition of Serviceability 2 Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time 4 Applying to Kangnam area 4 Conclusion 5 Basic Concept 3 6

3. University Of Seoul Environment- friendly Operation & Mgmt. of transport facility-centric Public transport- centric Car-oriented Private car-centric Construction of transport facility -centric Development-oriented People-oriented Paradigm Shift on Transport Policy Seoul Public Transport Reform Seoul Public Transport Reform Begins from July, 2004 Introduction

4. University Of Seoul Introduction Exclusive Median Arterial Bus Lane

5. University Of Seoul Introduction Bus speed increase Bus speed increase Securing punctuality Securing punctuality Convenience improvement Convenience improvement Lack of dwelling area due to street facilities Interruption / outer lane stop Exclusive lane for bus Separated dwelling area for bus passengers Exclusive Median Arterial Bus Lane

6. University Of Seoul MEDIAN ARTERIAL BUS LANE IN SEOUL Introduction

7. University Of Seoul Introduction MEDIAN ARTERIAL BUS LANE IN SEOUL

8. University Of Seoul Introduction Accessibility (Serviceability) is being focused more attention by planners recently Seoul City has redesigned the Bus Network systems to Hierarchical (corridor and feeder) systems Also implemented the bus network system with Median bus lane for improving the bus speed and access Need to measure the serviceability for evaluating how much the serviceability is improved

9. University Of Seoul Definition of Serviceability General meaning of Accessibility Ability to obtain goods, services and activities How fast CBD or Critical Area is approached Serviceability in this study Ability to approach to bus stops Can represent as a meaning of Serviceability General meaning of Serviceability is the quality of being able to provide good service by public transport

10. University Of Seoul Basic Concept Previous bus line Hierarchical line FeederCorridor Travel time Distance Origin Destination Transfer Critical Point Travel time of Feeder line Travel time of Corridor line In-vehicle time of Previous line with feeder In-vehicle time of Hierarchical line with corridor Waiting and transfer time Feeder

11. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time What is Space Syntax? Space syntax is the technique to analyze the connectivity of urban or architectural spaces. Has been applied to analyzing movement in indoor spaces or pedestrian paths (not in transport network).

12. University Of Seoul Space Syntax Representation The difference of axial lines and transportation networks A B C

13. University Of Seoul Space syntax Analysis Seoul network

14. University Of Seoul Movement can be described in an abstracted form using its topology. Topological description helps focus on the structural relationship among units. –For example, pedestrian movement can be described using network of simple lines without considering the details such as sizes of forms, number of people and speed of movement. Hierarchical Network Configuration

15. University Of Seoul Hierarchical Network Configuration Topological description of streets network 1 2 3 6 4 5

16. University Of Seoul Hierarchical structure of a street –Representing each component with a node and a turn with a link connecting their respective nodes 1 2 3456 step 1 step 2 step 3 Hierarchical Network Configuration

17. University Of Seoul This relationship is described as a variable called depth. –Depth of one node from another can be directly measured by counting the number of steps (or turns) between two nodes. Hierarchical Network Configuration

18. University Of Seoul Total Depth(TD) –TD 1 = 1 x 2 + 2 x 2 + 3 x 1 = 9 TD i : the total depth of node i s : the step from node i m : the maximum number of steps extended from node i N s : the number of nodes at step s Hierarchical Network Configuration

19. University Of Seoul Mean Depth(MD) = TD / (k-1) Normalized Depth(ND) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 step k -1 1 234 43 2 1 step 1 b. completely asymmetrical network a. completely symmetrical network k : the total number of nodes Hierarchical Network Configuration

20. University Of Seoul Calculation of Space Syntax Integration Value Representation of axial lines E S 3 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 3 8

21. University Of Seoul Calculation of Space Syntax Integration Value 19 24 5 17 9 25 6 78 9 step 1 step 2 step 3 2 5 4 73 89 1 step 1 step 2 step 3 17 4 9 step 1 step 2 step 3 8 5 6 6 1 2 5 6 3 78 9 425 3 46 1 3 8 3 42 8 6 73 9 7 1 8 4 25 6 3 13 9 45 8 67 2 79 1 4 25 6 38 Mapping schematic route connectivity onto a graph

22. University Of Seoul Calculation of Space Syntax Integration Value Stop No.TDMDNDND -1 11620.3333.000 2172.1250.3752.667 3121.50.1676.000 4111.3750.1258.000 51720.3752.667 6162.1250.3333.000 71720.3752.667 8131.6250.2084.800 9172.1250.3752.667 Computing depth from each road

23. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax Computing Inner Product We use the Bus stop as a base. But Base Unit of Space Syntax is Axial line There are some problems to change the results according to the location of turns. So we use Inner Product based Link

24. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax Computing Inner Product Assuming Space Syntaxs axial line is affected by the adjacent lines. (right and left lines crossing Space Syntax Axial.) We can compute below Point to Point Point to all

25. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax Computing Inner Product Assuming this network Each actual line has each Space Syntax value a 0, a 1, a 2,, a k-1, a k a0a0 a1a1 a2a2 a k-1 akak a3a3

26. University Of Seoul Computing as below Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Computing Inner Product Where, : Inner product between i & i+1 : Value of axial line i : weighting factor : Number of total crossing line,

27. University Of Seoul Assuming simple network Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Example of Computing Inner Product 9 57 118 Value of space syntax IP 5-7 IP 7-11 IP 11-8

28. University Of Seoul Computing as below Where, Sb i,j = serviceability from i to j IP i,j = Space Syntax value using Inner Product from i to j TT i,j = Travel Time from i to j α and β can be estimated for weighting the Sb function or a bi-criteria method can be used to calculate the Sb function in a general purpose Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Computing serviceability

29. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Judgment of Serviceability Travel time with Transfer Computing Inner Product Bus Lines Space Syntax Measuring Order

30. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time 1 6 7 9 8 5 4 32 4KM 6KM 4KM5KM3KM 2KM 5KM 4KM 5KM Example of Proto-type Networks Speed : 20km/h

31. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Results of Proto-type Networks 9 9 9 11 888 99 99 99 8.66 9.67 1 6 7 9 8 5 4 32

32. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Results with Travel Time of Proto-type Networks Point to othersInner ProductTravel time Stop.122.2346.16 Stop.215.2333.50 Stop.314.2337.72 Stop.417.2337.94 Stop.518.0143.50 Stop.620.8852.66 Stop.720.0441.83 Stop.821.9949.94 Stop.926.3461.83 * * * Average value

33. University Of Seoul Measuring Serviceability with Space Syntax and Travel Time Results with Travel Time of Proto-Type Networks

34. University Of Seoul Applying to Seoul Comparing Bus line accessibility between before and after Comparing between before and after Using Seoul citys speed date and real distance from a bus stop to a bus stop* 20km/h with Median bus lane, others 15km/h which are the mean speeds of Seouls networks Measuring how the Serviceability is improved * www.bus.go.kr

35. University Of Seoul Applying to Seoul(Kangnam) Before

36. University Of Seoul Applying to Seoul(Kangnam) After

37. University Of Seoul Applying to Seoul(Kangnam)

38. University Of Seoul Conclusion Developed the methodology of measuring serviceability using Space Syntax and travel time measures We compared with Before and After bus network system to use some of selected bus lines in Kangnam area This method has a limitation due to its complexity If IP(Inner product) and Travel Time are small, that it means serviceability is good. Hierarchical bus network system is more accessible than the previous bus network system

39. University Of Seoul