1. TRANSPORT FOR THE POOR: THE CASE OF METRO MANILA
DR. PRIMITIVO C. CAL
Former Professor, School of Urban & Regional Planning, University of the Philippines
&
Former President, Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Geographic and Socio-economic profile of Metro Manila
Metro Manila Transportation System
The poor as transport users
The poor as transport providers
Conclusion

3. MAP OF THE PHILIPPINES
Metro Manila

4. CHARACTERISTICS: Land Area: 636 sq.km. Population: 10.8 (2005)
Per capita Income: $1,200 pa
(2003)
% of Poor Families (4.8%)

5. Road Map of Metro Manila
C-5
C-4
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-6
R-4
R-5
R-6
R-7
R-10
R-9
R-8
Road Map of Metro Manila
Source: Roads in the Philippines, 2003, Department of Public Works and Highways and Japan International Cooperation Agency
2006 ROAD LENGTHS, km:
Nat. roads ,000
Expressway
Local ,366
Private ,639
Total ,043

6. RAIL NETWORK MRT8 Legend: Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6
3/12/2008 3:23 PM
REP/RAIL TPD 11
MRT8
Legend:
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6
Line 7
PNR Southrail
PNR Northrail
RAIL NETWORK

7. PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Tricycles: 57,720 (2008) Pedicabs

8. PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Jeepneys: 58,215 (2008) Buses: 5,988 (2008)

9. PUBLIC TRANSPORT
AUV Express: 9,606 (2008) Taxi: 22,345 (2008)

10. Traffic Demand by Mode of Transportation in Metro Manila, 1996
Source: MMUTIS Data

11. Bus Stop Segregation Scheme Bus Only Lanes Yellow Box Others
Existing Traffic Management Measures in Metro Manila
Urban Traffic Control
Traffic Restraint
U-turn schemes
Reversible Lane
Bus Stop Segregation Scheme
Bus Only Lanes
Yellow Box
Others

13. Impact on the Poor
Level of Service
Economic Impact
Social Impact
Environmental/Safety Impact

14. Public Transport Hierarchy
Taxi
Jeepney
FX Tamaraw
Pedicab
Tricycle
Source: MMUTIS Data

15. Bus
Philippine National
Railway
Minibus
Source: MMUTIS Data

16. Light Rail Transit Line 1
Metro Rail Transit 3
Light Rail Transit Line 1
Source: MMUTIS Data

17. TRANSPORT TERMINALS Source: MMUTIS Data LEGEND Jeepney Service
Coverage
Jeepney Terminal
Source: MMUTIS Data

18. Waiting Time of Bus Passengers
Source: D. L. Guariño, Master Thesis, “Consolidation of Bus Companies in Metro Manila”

19. Attitude on Bus Level of Service
Source: D. L. Guariño, Master Thesis, “Consolidation of Bus Companies in Metro Manila”

20. FARE RATES LRT/MRT: P10-15 ($0.02/km) Bus : P9 min. ($0.04/km)
Jeepney : P7.50 min. ($0.03/km)
Taxi : P30 Flagdown plus P2.50/300 m
AUV : P7 min ($0.03/km)
$1.00=P47.00

21. Perception on Fare
Source: D. L. Guariño, Master Thesis, “Consolidation of Bus Companies in Metro Manila”

22. Willingness to Pay for More
Source: D. L. Guariño, Master Thesis, “Consolidation of Bus Companies in Metro Manila”

23. Economic Impact of Congestion in Metro Manila
100 billion pesos per year (year 1996 pesos) - a conservative estimate prepared by NCTS for NEDA and LEDAC (Legislative-Executive Development Advisory Council (LEDAC) in 2000.
This represents value-of-time costs only due to delay, calculated based on 50% of average hourly income across different occupation classes - classes considered were Gov’t Officials, Professionals, Technicians, Clerical Workers and Services workers based on MMUTIS classifications

24. EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
Type of PUV
Est. No. of Units
No. of persons/unit
Est. No. Employed
Bus
5,988
2.1
12,575
Jeepney
58,215
1.2
69,858
Tricycle
57,720 1
Taxi
22,345
2.5
55,862
AUV
9,606
TOTAL
205,621
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

25. Time Spent by Truck Drivers on Sleeping
Source: J. Punzalan, Master Thesis, “The Impact of Truck Ban on the Trucking Industry in Metro Manila”

26. Time Spent by Truck Drivers on Family/Personal Activities
Source: J. Punzalan, Master Thesis, “The Impact of Truck Ban on the Trucking Industry in Metro Manila”

27. Concentration of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

28. 2002 Statistics Philippines MetroManila Number % Area, sq.km. (x1000)
294.55
0.636
0.22
Population (million)
79.48
10.76
13.5
Roads, km. (x1000)
161
4.8
3.0
Vehicle Registration(million)
3.98
1.33
33.4
Driver's License(million)
1.93
0.57
29.6
Number of Driver Apprehensions(x1000)
612
162
26.5
Fatalities
714
240
33.6
% of nighttime accidents 30
60 (fatal)
40 (non-fatal)
---
Source: Sigua, R.G.(2004), Philippine Road Safety Workshop

29. Vehicle Involvement (2001)
Place of Occurrence (2001)
Vehicle Involvement (2001)
Source: Sigua, R.G(2004), Philippine Road Safety Workshop

30. CONCLUSION
The poor is relatively well served by the public transport system but level of service affected by traffic congestion
Fares are affordable but LRT operations highly subsidized
The transport system provides significant number of jobs for the poor
The poor is exposed to air pollution and other health hazards particularly the drivers and crew of public transport vehicles
Poor road safety

31. THANK YOU