2. What is Matter? Matter is anything that has ________and _____________.
Everything around you is matter, including air.
Every form of matter has two kinds of properties:
physical and ________.

3. How Do We Classify Matter?
All matter can either be classified as either a pure substance or a non-pure substance.
A pure substance is a single kind of matter that is always:
1) made of the same materials
2) combined in the same ratio
Examples: table salt (NaCl), glucose, water, iron
Non-pure substances: ___________________
Question: Of all forms of matter in the world, are more pure substances or non-pure substances?
Answer:

4. Elements Elements are the “ingredients” that make up all matter.
All matter is composed of one or more elements combined together.
They cannot be broken down into any other kind of substance.
They are identified by their physical and chemical properties and are represented by one or two letters.
Ex: Au, Al, N , O.

5. Atoms: Building Blocks
Atoms are the smallest parts of elements and can be thought of as the “structures” that make up all matter.
Atoms differ depending on their number and combination of 3 components:
Proton ___, neutron ___, and electron ___
ex 1: copper atoms have 29 protons, oxygen atoms have 8
ex 2: carbon atoms can have 6, 7 or 8 neutrons
When two or more atoms chemically combine, they form a __________.
Molecules are held together by chemical bonds: the force of attraction between two or more atoms. 5

6. Compounds Examples: Compounds are pure substances that:
are made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio
always have the same composition
are difficult to separate into simpler parts
They are represented by a chemical formula: a formula that shows which elements are involved in the compound and the ratio of atoms.
Examples:
rust ________
table salt ________
sucrose (white sugar) ________

7. Mixtures Two ways to classify mixtures: Heterogeneous:
Mixtures are made up of two or more substances that are together but not chemically combined.
The substances that make up mixtures:
keep their own properties
are not present in a set ratio
are easier to separate than in compounds
Two ways to classify mixtures:
Heterogeneous:
examples:
Homogeneous (solution):

9. How Can We Describe Matter?
1. Physical Properties:
Can be observed without changing the substance into a new one.
Describe how matter looks/feels/smells/tastes, density, melting point, texture, state of matter.
Ex: 1. Aluminum is a lustrous metal and has a density of 2.7 g/cm3.
Ex: 2. Water is a clear liquid at room temperature.
Ex: 3. Gold has a melting point of 1,064° C and is a good conductor of electricity.

10. 2. Chemical Properties:
Describe the ability of a substance to combine with another substance to form a ________________.
Tell us how matter can ______ to form new kinds of matter.
Examples:
1. flammability – hydrogen gas is highly flammable, water is NOT flammable
2. reactivity (how easily a substance can chemically react with others) - iron reacts slowly with O2 to form rust (Fe2O3) .

11. ___ 18. Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water to produce gas
1. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties describe matter.
2. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties of a substance can be easily observed.
3. One can use their five senses to determine the ( Physical / Chemical ) properties of a substance.
4. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties usually describe how a substance reacts.
5. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties are not as easy to observe.
6. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties can be used to identify substances.
B. Use an uppercase “C” or “P” to identify the following as chemical or physical properties:
 ___ 7. Oxygen is odorless and colorless
___ 8. Copper turns green when exposed to the environment
___ 9. The piece of metal is magnetic
___ 10. The density of water is 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter
___ 11. Diamonds are a very hard substance
___ 12. The tree is 8 meters high
___ 13. Sodium reacts very easily with other elements.
___ 14. Copper conducts electricity
___ 15. Water is a liquid
___ 16. The mass of the NaCl sample is 30 grams
___ 17. Gold is nonflammable
___ 18. Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water to produce gas
___ 19. The color of the ball is red
___ 20. Iron reacts with oxygen and forms rust
___ 21. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C
___ 22. Baking soda reacts with vinegar
___ 23. The gas is flammable
___ 24. Oxygen is a gas
___ 25. Argon is not very reactive
___ 26. Nitrogen is a colorless gas
___ 27. The silver spoons tarnished and turned dark
___ 28. The piece of metal is magnetic
___ 29. A student’s shirt suddenly bursts into flames.
____30. Silver necklaces tarnish and turn green 11