1. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
A Seminar Presented to:
Computer Techniques Engineering Department
Al-Turath University College
Prepared by:
A.L. Hassan Harith
Tuesday, March 28, 2017

2. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Outline
Networking System
Protocols
Standards
Protocol Architecture
OSI and TCP/IP Models
Protocol examples
Examples on Security Protocols
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

3. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information from one point to another inside the network.
The information could be stored on a device, such as a personal computer in the network; it could be generated live outside the network, such as speech.
It is practically impossible for a single area of science or engineering to be entirely responsible for the design of all the components.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

4. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Networking System
A computer network is composed of a number of independent components. Three main components are:
Computer System,
Communication System,
Networking System.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

5. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Networking System
First Component:
Computer System:
Stand-alone systems, along with peripheral devices, capable of performing information input, output, storage and processing. The study and design of computer systems is the job of Computer Scientists and Engineers.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

6. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Networking System
Second Component:
The Communication System
The communications systems provide a vehicle of carrying information from one point to another by conditioning it appropriately.
The conditioning may include changing the actual shape of the information, or even adding to and removing parts of it.
The job of communication system design is done by Communications Engineers.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

7. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Networking System
Third Component:
The Networking System
Networking systems provide the capability of efficient use of transmission and switching resources and provide with the rules that govern communication among computer systems and software programs.
The design of networking systems is the job of the Network Engineers.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

8. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Protocols are rules of communication.
Just like humans obey certain rules of communications, so must the computers.
Computers are specific about rules and cannot guess like humans. They have protocols as part of their software or hardware interaction and can’t change that unless the software or hardware is changed or modified.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

9. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Standards
Standards are the protocols that have gone through a standardization process.
These standards are documented by some agency or organization so that a large number of vendors can get those documents and design systems based on the same protocols.
Examples of standardization agencies are; the Internet Society, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

10. Protocol Architecture
Every computer and network needs a large number of protocols in order to complete data communications.
The number of protocols can easily grow into several hundreds for a network. Besides, protocols take many different forms, from software to hardware.
Therefore, it may be helpful to classify protocols in groups in order to streamline a network layout.
When a subset of a protocol suite could be grouped together to perform functions that can be related to each other in communication terms, such a subset is often called a layer or level.
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

11. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
OSI
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Using Protocols in Computer Networks

12. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
TCP/IP
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

13. Peer-to-Peer Processes
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

14. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
Protocol examples
Layer three: Routed Protocols, Routing Protocols, etc.
Layer Four: TCP, UDP.
Layer Seven: HTTP (runs over TCP), SMTP and POP3 (Post Office Protocol, version 3).
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

15. Examples on Security Protocols
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer):
The positioning of SSL in the usual protocol stack between the application layer and the transport layer,
compression and encryption,
When HTTP is used over SSL, it is called HTTPS (Secure HTTP).
IPSec: (IPSecurity).
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks

16. Using Protocols in Computer Networks
THANK YOU
7 December 2018
Using Protocols in Computer Networks