1. Megan Force Editor, Data Citation Index
Outstanding Metadata Issues Affecting Data Citation Accuracy
Megan Force Editor, Data Citation Index
May 2018

2. Introduction - Clarivate Analytics
We have a 60-year legacy of curating the most authoritative knowledgebase, including the Web of Science, a custodian of 100 years’ worth of research
Over 7,000 leading research institutions and scholarly publishers use our products

3. Journal Citation Reports Specialist Literature
Web of Science platform covers nearly 33,000 journals and other scholarly output including books, conference proceedings, datasets, and patents
Web of Science – the most accurate and comprehensive resource for the world
The Web of Science provides access to an unrivalled breadth of global research literature linked to a rigorously selected core of world class journals, ensuring a unique combination of discovery through meticulously captured metadata and citation connections, coupled with quality, impact and neutrality.
Web of Science
Journal Citation Reports
32,840
Total journals in Web of Science*
~11,500 journals in over 230 science and social sciences disciplines
Regional Collections
Total Cites
Journal Impact Factor (JIF)
Five-Year Journal Impact Factor
Immediacy Index
Cited Half-Life
Citable Items
JIF Percentile
Eigenfactor® Metrics
18,245 Core Collection*
8,888 SCIE
3,256 SSCI
1,785 AHCI
5,369 ESCI
9,950 Specialist Literature*
5,358 BIOSIS Citation Index
4,941 Zoological Record
1,038 FSTA
4,338 INSPEC
5,533 Medline
7,945 CABI
4,646 Regional Collections*
Specialist Literature
Core Collection
18,245 journals from recognized globally significant journal lists and emerging sources
Core Collection Databases:
SCIE – Science Citation Index Expanded (included in JCR)
SSCI – Social Sciences Citation Index (included in JCR)
AHCI – Arts & Humanities Citation Index
ESCI – Emerging Sources Citation Index
* Unique journal count across databases
Conferences
191K+
Books
81K+
Datasets
7M+
Patent Records
70M+

4. Data Data repository Facts collected for reference or analysis
Definitions
Data
Facts collected for reference or analysis
Non traditional scholarly output of scientific research often analysed in traditional research publications. May include numerical, textual, image, video or software information
Data repository
An online resource where data are deposited and stored for preservation and access

5. Data Citation Indexing: Transparency , Reuse, Credit
• Enables research conclusions to
be verified and validated
• Makes reproducibility of premises and results possible
• Exposes data findings and their
value to a wider audience
• Ensures a mechanism for receiving credit for scholarly work and an opportunity for tracking/
translating such attribution into rewards

6. Much work to do! Typical Data citation
Introduction – data
Lack of consensus across data repositories
Varying quality across data repositories
Evidence
Data Citation index content from
350 data repositories
7M data records
6.5M citations
Differences between disciplines
Lack of curation
Much work to do!
Typical Data citation
Armenteras, Dolors; Gibbes, Cerian;
Anaya, Jesus; Davalos, Liliana (2017):
R script to compare models to forest loss alert system.
Dryad.

7. Data Citation Index: Example Record

8. Data Citation Metadata
Data Citation Metadata Elements
Data Citation Metadata
Following established journal citation practices only gets us so far, as data and other non-traditional scholarly output feature unique and subtle differences with respect to identification and interpretation
Various efforts are underway with respect to specific implementation of guidelines, yet there remain some gaps

9. Data citations: dates before digitization

10. Citation dates from periods before digitization
Dates Before Digitization
Citation dates from periods before digitization
Datasets that were not ‘born digital’
May be the original publication date of a dataset which is now found online
Data may be highly valuable (e.g. 19th century glacier data contributing to studies of climate change effects)

11. Pre-digitization citation dates: DataCite recommendations
Dates Before Digitization
Pre-digitization citation dates: DataCite recommendations

12. Dates before digitization: questions
Do older dates in this context cause confusion? Do they make sense for certain disciplines?
When does a previously non-digital publication become a data publication?

13. Data citations: determination of authorship, publishing entity

14. Author entity identification
Data Citation Authorship
Author entity identification
Identifying the proper author entity for citation purposes may require significant negotiation with data repository: custodians, curators, etc, listed, but who is the author?
Fundamental question of credit; vital for metrics/analytics

15. Author identification: questions
Data Citation Authorship
Author identification: questions
How is ‘data author‘ defined for citation purposes?
What can be done to ensure that data author becomes a more recognized, even mandatory concept/element?

16. Publishing entity identification
Data Publication
Publishing entity identification
DataCite,
Publisher element may be broadly defined; necessary to identify primary curator in order to avoid confusion/duplication of records

17. How is ‘data publisher‘ defined for citation purposes?
Data Publication
Publisher: questions
How is ‘data publisher‘ defined for citation purposes?

18. Data citations: versioning practices

19. Undertaken after observing wide variation in versioning practices
DCI versioning study
Undertaken after observing wide variation in versioning practices
Key metadata element for reproducibility
72% of all data repositories in DCI were found to have no version information for datasets

20. Where is version information found?
Versioning Practices
Where is version information found?
A significant amount of version information is not readily available through a dedicated metadata tag
Version information may be concatenated with dataset title, or may be found in the dataset identifier (accession number, DOI, etc)

21. Versioning Practices
Versions in citations?
Only 26% of repositories which employ versioning include version in a recommended data citation
Versions are included in formal data citations for a greater share of these repositories

22. Versioning Practices
Takeaways
Repository policies with respect to versioning are not displayed on database websites
Metadata vs. data versioning is generally unclear/difficult to determine
Versioning practices may vary significantly even within the datasets of a single data repository
While versioning practices are being adopted by repositories in the interest of correct citation and reproducibility, little or no guidance exists regarding best practice at a cross-disciplinary or discipline-specific level

23. Versioning practices: questions
Should a single data item with multiple versions have only one citable record (reproducibility based on version information included in the citation blurb), or should a new DOI be issued for each version? Does this depend on format/discipline?

24. Data citations: dates after the current date

25. Citation dates after the current date
Future Citation Dates
Citation dates after the current date
Metadata for datasets that are not yet accessible is being made available for harvest by outside groups; included in metadata feeds which primarily describe already-published datasets
‘Published dates’ for these datasets are listed as in the future
Sometimes this data is specified as being under embargo until a specific date; other times no embargo is specified but there is a statement to the effect that the data will be made available within the next 6 months, year, etc.
Intersection of publisher/repository/funder policies for data availability

26. Citation dates after the current date: questions
Future Citation Dates
Citation dates after the current date: questions
Is there friction between stakeholder policies for data availability (timing of article publication vs. data object publication, etc.)?
Should dataset metadata be provided to indexers, etc, for data that has not yet been published?

27. Wrap up: consensus and next steps
Data Citation Metadata Elements
Wrap up: consensus and next steps
“Technical mechanisms for citation are only surface characteristics of the knowledge infrastructures in which they are embedded”
- Christine Borgman
Big Data, Little Data, No Data: Scholarship in the Networked World (2015)

28. Megan Force, Editor, Data Citation Index | (215) 823-6194 | megan
Megan Force, Editor, Data Citation Index | (215) | | clarivate.com