1. Hemodynamic evaluation of a bioprosthetic venous prosthesis
Giacomo A. DeLaria, MD, Travis Phifer, MD, Jeff Roy, BS, Roger Tu, PhD, Kalathi Thyagarajan, PhD, R.C. Quijano, MD, PhD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 18, Issue 4, Pages (October 1993)
DOI: / (93)90067-V
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Diagram of venous valve flow tester. Oscillating pump mimics respiratory cycle. Height adjustments in both overflow tanks control hydrostatic pressure. Video camera is positioned to record valve leaflct motion. VCR, Video cassette recorder; VVFT, venous valve flow tester.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Relationship of valve orifice area to venous flow. Orifice area for fixed tissue is significantly reduced at increasing flows.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Effects of increasing pressure on diameter of fresh and fixed valve sinus expansion. Final luminal diameters are reduced for fixed tissue compared with fresh tissue.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Examples of pressure fluctuations in venous valve tester to mimic respiratory pressure cycle. At full inspiration, pressure on outflow side of valve exceeds inflow pressure, valve closes, and flow stops. With expiration, pressure differential reverses, valve opens, and flow resumes.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Opening and closing times of fresh and fixed bovine external jugular vein valves during test trials in flow tester. Both fresh and fixed values opened completely when transvalvular gradient exceeded 1 mm Hg. After tissue fixation, valve opening times were slightly reduced.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Glutaraldehyde-fixed segment of bovine jugular vein, including one complete bileaflet valve, is sewn into Delrin stent and covered with Dacron sleeve. Perforations at either end accommodate suture anastomosis. Arrow indicates direction of flow.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90067-V)
Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions