1. Properties of Matter
– Physical Science

2. Kinetic Theory
All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles
These particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature, the faster they move
At the same temp., more massive particles move slower than less massive particles

3. States of Matter Solid = definite volume, definite shape
Liquid = definite volume, no definite shape
Gas = no definite volume, no definite shape
Plasma = gas-like, no definite shape or volume

4. Solids Have a rigid structure
Particles have almost no freedom to change position, low KE
Still vibrate around a fixed location

5. Liquids Take the shape of their container
Particles are held close together, but not attracted as strongly as particles in a solid, higher KE
Classified as a fluid because it can flow

6. Gases Free to spread in all directions
Under standard conditions, gas particles move rapidly, high KE
Exert pressure, but can be compressed into a smaller volume

7. Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, no definite shape or volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, TV tubes

8. Thermal Expansion
Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled
 Temp causes  KE - Particles collide with more force & spread out
Examples:
Sidewalk dividers
Thermometers

9. Changes of State
Changing states of matter requires energy

10. Changes of State Evaporation = Condensation = Melting = Freezing =
Sublimation =
Liquid -> Gas
Gas -> Liquid
Solid -> Liquid
Liquid -> Solid
Solid -> Gas

11. Part 2
Looking at matter and observing its qualities

12. Physical Properties
Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter
Examples: color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetic attraction or repulsion, texture, volume, mass, weight, viscosity and density

13. Physical Properties
List some physical properties:

14. Chemical Properties
Properties that do change the chemical nature of matter
Examples are: flammability, reactivity with water, pH, types of bonds

15. Physical Changes
A change in the physical form or properties of a substance that occurs without a change in composition
Examples: change in state, dissolving, breaking, changing shape
Can usually be reversed

16. Physical Changes Name the physical change occurring: Melting Boiling
Condensation

17. Physical Changes
Evaporation

18. Physical Changes
Sublimation

19. Chemical Changes
A change that occurs when a substance changes composition by forming one or more new substances
Examples: burning, rusting, cooking
Hints: heat or light may be given off, smell or color change

20. What Type of Change?    