1. 13. Stress and Workload

2. Figure 13.1 A representation of stress effects

3. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS

4. Motion Thermal Stress Air Quality High-frequency Vibration
Low-Frequency Vibration and Motion Sickness
Thermal Stress
Air Quality

5. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESSORS

6. Cognitive Appraisal
Ethical Issues

7. Level of Arousal Figure 13.2
The Yerkes-Dodson law showing the relationship between level of arousal (induced by stress) and performance. The OLA is shown to be higher for less complex tasks.

8. Performance Changes with Overarousal
Remediation of Psychological Stress

9. LIFE STRESS

10. WORKLOAD OVERLOAD

11. Workload The timeline model Figure 13.3
Timeline analysis. The percentage of workload at each point is computed as the average number of tasks per unit time, within each window. Shown at the bottom of the figure is the computed workload value TR/TA.

13. Mental Workload Measurement
Primary task measures
Secondary task methods
Physiological measures
Subjective measures
Workload dissociations

15. FATIGUE AND SLEEP DISRUPTION

16. Vigilance and Underarousal
Causes of the vigilance decrement
Time
Event salience
Signal rate
Arousal level
Vigilance Remediations

17. Sleep Disruption
Sleep Deprivation and Performance Effects
Circadian Rhythms

18. Figure 13.5
Graph plotting mean sleep latency (top), circadian rhythms (body temperature), and sleep duration (Bottom) against time for two day-night cycles. The bars around sleep duration represent the variability.

19. Figure 13.6
Graph showing how performance on four kinds of tasks varies as a function of circadian rhythms, shown for a one day cycle.

20. Remediation to Sleep Disruption
Circadian Disruption
Jet lag
Shift work
Remediation to Sleep Disruption