1. Chemistry Intro. Notes Chemistry – Matter – Mass – Weight – Volume -
Energy –
Kinetic –
Potential –
Study of matter and energy
All of the “stuff” in the universe
A quantity or amount of matter
Mass with a force or attraction like gravity
A measurement of the space something occupies
Ability to do work
Energy of motion
Energy of position

2. Chemistry Intro. Notes cont…
Observation –
Quantitative –
Qualitative -
Hypothesis -
Theory –
Law –
Perceiving using the 5 senses
An observation using numbers AND units (measurement)
An observation using the senses (hard to quantify exa..green)
Educated guess made after observations
Possible explanation of a law
A statement about nature to which there are NO known exceptions
Exa…the sun rises in the east and sets in the west
Scientific Method:
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiments
Theory

3. Chemistry Intro. Notes cont…
Matter
Mixtures
Pure Substances (Homogeneous)
-Separated by physical means
-Separated by chemical means
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Element
(symbol)
Compound
(formula)
-unevenly
distributed
-evenly
distributed
(solution)
every piece is the same type of atom (p.t.)
Exa… Al foil
-2 or more atoms chemically combined
covalent
ionic
molecules
(non-metals)
Ions
(metal ion +
Non-metal
ion)
atom
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Quark
Quark

4. Physical Properties Physical Property – Examples:
Defines the physical nature of the substance
Color * Volume * Freezing point
Texture * Taste * Sublimation point
Size * Boiling point
Odor * Evaporation point
Density * Condensation point
Sound * Melting point

5. Example: …for water (H2O)
Physical Changes
Physical Changes –
Example: …for water (H2O)
A change without change of identity
Melting Point Boiling Point
Solid Liquid Gas
Freezing Point Condensation Point
O °C OO °C

6. Chemical Properties Chemical Properties – Examples:
* flammable (combustible) –
* oxidizer –
* reactive –
* corrosive –
* explosive -
Define the chemical nature of the substance
will burn
Will combine with oxygen (exa…rust)
Will create bubbles while chemically changing (exa…with acids and bases)
Will eat away by chemical action (exa..acids and bases)
Will produce a rapid chemical change with a violent burst of energy

7. Chemical Changes Chemical change – Evidence of a Chemical change: 1.2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Change with change of identity
Light
Odor Change
Color change (careful!! This can be physical!)
Heat Change
Reaction, gas given off (NOT dissolving)
Precipitate ie “chunky stuff” (filtration)
Taste Change
Appearance change

8. Endo/Exo Notes A symbol represents an ___________
A formula represents a ___________
__________ represents a chemical change
exa… A + B  C + D
exa… iron + sulfur  iron (II) sulfide
Law of Conservation of Matter -
Element
Compound
Equation
Reactants  Products
Fe + S  FeS
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
(It just changes places)

9. Exo/Endo Notes cont…
There are 2 kinds of Energy Changes in a chemical reaction:
Exothermic –
Endothermic –
Energy “exits” (goes out)
Exa… X + Y  Z
+ Energy
Energy “enters” (goes in)
Exa… A + B  C
Energy +

10. Exo/Endo Notes cont… Chemical Change * Think about Hot/Cold!
Exothermic
Endothermic
Physical Change
* Think about ENERGY!
Exothermic
Endothermic
HOT
-energy given off
H2O (l)  H2O (s) + Energy or
H2O (g)  H2O (l) + Energy
COLD
-energy absorbed
Energy + H2O (l)  H2O (g) or
Energy + H2O (s)  H2O (l)