1. Magnets and Electricity

2. I) Magnetism

3. A) can attract or repel

4. B) caused by the spinning electrons

5. 1) in most substances electrons occur in pairs spinning in opposite directions. This cancels their magnetic fields

6. 2) in iron, cobalt, and nickel the electrons are not paired so there is a magnetic field

7. 3) a domain: billions of atoms, clustered together, with their magnetic fields aligned

8. II) Magnet: a substance in which all the domains are aligned in the same direction, so that their magnetic fields work together

9. A) If the domains are not aligned then the object is not a magnet

10. B) Magnets only attract other magnetic objects

11. C) Poles of the magnet

12. 1) Attraction is strongest at the poles of a magnet

13. 2) Poles are north and south
2) Poles are north and south. They are the opposite ends of the aligned domains

14. 3) if the magnet is broken in half the halves will each have a north and south pole

15. 4) opposite poles attract and similar poles repel

16. III) Electric Circuits

17. A) Electricity is caused by the electric charges of electrons

18. B) Static electricity the charges that are present don’t flow from one place to another

19. C) Current electricity is the flow of an electric charge

20. 1) also called electric energy

21. 2) can be converted to other forms of energy such as heat and light or motion

22. 3) runs appliances such as flashlights, washing machines, and televisions

23. 4) needs conductors to travel through such as copper wires

24. D) A battery is an electricity source. It also has two poles

25. 1) The negative pole has extra electrons.

26. 2) The positive pole has a shortage of electrons.

27. E) Circuit: connection between the poles allowing electrical energy to travel

28. 1) A closed circuit is a continuous loop that electricity flows through.

29. 2) Open circuit: has a break, so the energy cannot flow

30. 3) Switch can change a circuit from open to close or closed to open so devices can be turned on and off.

31. F) Series Circuit: when multiple devices are connected in a row on the same circuit. (All on the same loop)

32. 1) all the devices will be on or off at the same time

33. 2) any one of the devices can break the circuit

34. G) Parallel Circuit: when each device is on a separate path

35. 1) devices can be turned on or off separately

36. 2) The current passes through each device separately.

37. IV) Electromagnets

38. A) an electric current moving through a wire produces an magnetic field

39. B) if the wire is coiled the magnetic field is in the center of the coil

40. C) the more loops in the coil the stronger the current (magnetic field)

41. D) iron inside the coil cause the magnetic domains to line up and create a magnet

42. E) the electromagnet runs on electricity and can turned on and off

43. V) Generating Electricity

44. A) Most generators create electricity by rotating a large core of wire in a very strong magnetic fields.

46. 2) Or by burning fossil fuels, As they burn, they radiate heat which boils water and creates steam pressure which then turns the turbine

47. 1) The turbine can be moved by wind, or water