2. Elastic Moduli Young’s Modulus Poisson Ratio Bulk Modulus
Shear Modulus
Lamb’s constants
Vp, Vs.

3. Body Waves
compressions
P-wave
dilatations
S-wave
amplitude
wavelength

5. K + ( )m l + 2m V = a = = r m V = b = 2m n E l = k - =p
4/3
V = b = m s
Where m,l are the Lamé coefficients and l is
l = k =
2m n E
( 1 + n ) ( 1 - 2n )

10. Spherical Ray Parameter
R sin i
= constant = p V

18. Phase velocity and Group velocity
Phase Velocity: Velocity of a wave peak or trough of a harmonic component.
Group Velocity: Velocity of the energy packet

24. Free oscillation modes
Spheroidal mode (analogous to the P, SV and Rayleigh waves). Motions are parallel to the radial direction. Sensitive to gravity, or density. nSl
Toroidal mode (analogous to SH or Love waves). nTl

29. Spheroidal mode (example)

30. Toroidal mode (example)

35. High P and T Experiments

36. Density, Gravity, Pressure and Mass Distributions

37. Temperature in the Earth

42. Exploration seismology
Determine the seismic velocity structure in the shallow part of the Earth, using active sources.
Procedures: Acquisition, Processing and Interpretation.

48. Gather

49. Velocity Analysis

50. Mute

51. Statics Corrections

52. Stack

55. Stack

56. Migrations