1. The Colonization of Australia
SS6H6c. The student will trace the colonization of Australia by the United Kingdom.

2. The Aborigines
First settled 40 – 60 thousand years ago in Northern Australia.
Europeans called them Aborigines
Formed different groups in different parts of Australia
Spoke different languages
Developed their own culture.

3. Early Aboriginal Culture
Traveled in small groups called clans
Shared a common language and religion
Elders led the clan and made decisions

4. Early Aboriginal Culture
They were hunter-gatherers
Used bones, wood, and stones to construct tools and weapons
Religious beliefs centered on the environment
Valued art

5. SS6H6C The first Europeans to sail into Australian waters arrived
To reach Australia from Europe, ships sailed
south along the west African coast to the Cape of Good Hope and then turned east across the Indian Ocean.
For nearly 200 yrs, ships from several European
nations sailed to the continent.

6. European Exploration and Colonization
Captain James Cook-
1770 – arrived in Australia and charted the eastern coast in his ship Endeavor.
Following orders from King George III, he claimed the territory for Great Britain.
Cook named eastern Australia New South Wales.

7. SS6H6C
The British mapped the coast of Australia, including the island of Tasmania

8. SS6H6C
The independence of the 13 American colonies led the British to colonize Australia in 1788.
Before American independence, the British sent prisoners to be colonists in the Georgia colony in America.
Britain created a new penal (prison) colony by shipping prisoners from Great Britain to Australia.
By 1852 when they ended this practice, over 150,000 prisoners had been sent to Australia.

9. SS6H6C
There were four main reasons for the British to colonize Australia.
The British wanted to colonize Australia to relieve overcrowding in Great Britain's jails.
The British government recognized the importance of
having its navy stationed in the Southern Hemisphere.
The British viewed Australia as an economic base to
expand trade.
The British government did not want its rivals, especially
the French to start a colony on the Australian continent.

10. Guns, Alcohol, and Disease
Europeans traded with Australia
Sent natural resources from Australia to Great Britain
European colonists worked at farming and mining

11. Guns, Alcohol, and Disease
Brought advanced weapons which caused deadly wars with the Aborigines
Waged war to drive Aborigines from the coastal area.
Destroyed many Aboriginal groups with advanced weapons

12. Guns, Alcohol, and Disease
Aborigines fought back, but lost battles.
Forced to live on reservation in the interior

13. Guns, Alcohol, and Disease
Also introduced alcohol – many abused it so fighting increased
Brought diseases
Bodies had no natural defense from these diseases
Thousands of people died

14. Colonization of Australia
British established the country of Australia in 1901
Made laws for Aboriginal people who survived.
Limited where they could live and work
Took mixed children from their home

15. Colonization of Australia
British hoped to end Aboriginal culture
1960’s – government started to change some of the policies

16. On a separate piece of paper, answer the following:
Australia used to be a part of what colony?
Why is Captain James Cook famous?
How did weapons, guns, and European diseases affect the Aborigines?