1. Chapter 2 Section 1
Egypt

2. Nile ~ longest river in the world

3. Northern part (Delta)= Lower Egypt Southern part = Upper Egypt
Floods each year enrich the soil, crops grown here made Egypt prosperous (rich). Nile also made transportation easy.
Shows the flow rate of the Nile at different times at the year

4. Nile Continued
The Nile had the largest influence on the development of Egyptian civilizations.

5. Unlike Mesopotamia, Egypt had geographic barriers that protected it from invasion.
Deserts on to the East and West, Red Sea to the East, Mediterranean to N, rapids to the S. This gave them a sense of security.

6. Religion Religion gave Egyptian a sense of security.
Polytheistic~ belief in many gods.

7. Gods Land Gods Osiris and Isis (married) Rebirth or resurrection
Sun Gods~ “Source of life”
Atum ----Re

8. Kingdoms Old, Middle and New Kingdoms
Chaos and periods of upheaval in between these kingdoms

9. Menes~
created the first royal dynasty
Dynasty = family of rulers
He united upper and lower Egypt.

10. Old Kingdom 2700-2200 BC Rulers became known as Pharaohs
Pharaoh = great house or palace
Sun god worshipped as source of life
Egyptian pharaohs had absolute power- aided by bureaucracy-organization to help run kingdom

11. Old Kingdom Continued Pyramids built- tombs for Pharaoh and family
Contained food, weapons, artwork-items necessary for the afterlife
Belief that persons spiritual body could survive if physical body preserved by mummification (70 days)

12. Middle Kingdom Golden Age ~ concern for the people developed.
Invasion by Hykos (Asia) ended Middle Kingdom
Egyptians learned to use bronze and chariots from the Hykos

13. New Kingdom Egypt created an Empire Pharaohs very wealthy
1st Female pharaoh = Hatsheput (Hatti)
Akhenaton = 1st monotheistic pharaoh “ATON”
King Tutankhamen=Tut= boy pharaoh who restored worship of many gods in the New Kingdom.

14. Pharaoh Cleopatra VII
She was not able to unite Egypt. She had an alliance with Rome (Anthony) they were defeated, Egypt came under Roman rule.

15. Pyramids

16. Social Hierarchy pharaoh nobles, priests merchants, artist peasants &
slaves

17. Home Life Egyptians married young Patriarchal (husband ruled)
Wife = ran the house, educated children, got to keep her property, $ if divorced
Arranged Marriages

18. Hieroglyphics Egyptian form of writing 3000 BC
Hieroglyphics = priests carvings, used pictures and abstract forms
Hieratic Script-simplified form of hieroglyphics used for:
Record keeping
Business
Daily Life

19. Technology Advances Advances in Math-
Egyptians used Geometry were able to calculate area and volume
Experts in human anatomy (body) other civilizations learned from Egyptians.