1. Founding of the British Colonies
Section Two
Founding
of the
British Colonies 1

2. Religious rivalry vs. Catholic Spain
British Motivation
Religious rivalry vs. Catholic Spain
To Find a Northwest Passage

3. Plunder Spanish Treasure Galleons Secret approval of the Queen
“Sea Dogs”
Hawkins
Drake
Plunder Spanish Treasure Galleons
Secret approval of the Queen
Elizabeth I

4. Defeat of the Spanish Armada 1588
The Spanish Armada was a fleet assembled and dispatched by King Phillip II of Spain in attempt to invade England in His attempt was unsuccessful. Queen Elizabeth I of England held the defeat of the armada as one of her greatest achievements, assisting the decline of the Spanish Empire. The armada had a mission of both political and religious aims. King Phillip, the leader of the Roman Catholic Spain, was not able to stop a revolt in of his Protestant subjects in the Netherlands, a revolt which began in 1566, aided by Protestant England. By 1586, Phillip had decided that he could not defeat the Dutch until he had defeated England first. Long time religious rivalry between Spain and England was hoped to be resolved by King Phillip in the dethroning of Queen Elizabeth, reconverting England to Catholicism. The plan for conquering had begun. This plan consisted of the coordination of a fleet to sail from Spain and an army from the Netherlands to create a simultaneous invasion of England. His force of 130 ships and more than 30,000 men was to be led by Alonso Peréz Guzmán, duke of Medina- Sidonia. England was aware of the Spanish plans, attacking it at Cádiz, Spain in 1587, succeeding in delaying it for a year. By July of 1588, the armada was spotted off the coast of England on July 29. Lord Charles Howard intercepted it with a larger English fleet near Plymouth, and for the next week made small attacks on the Spanish in battles off of Plymouth, Portland Bill, and the Isle of Wight. Unable to break the Spanish Armada, they waited for their chance at a big blow. The opportunity finally arrived when the armada anchored near Calais, France, hoping to join troops scheduled to sail from the Netherlands. Ingeniously, Howard ordered ships set on fire to be sent against the armada, producing a panic that broke the Spanish formation. In the ensuing battle of Gravelines, on August 8, the Spanish were defeated by England and the armada sailed home with remaining ships that were heavily damaged to Spain; 67 of the original 130 ships reached Spain, most in poor condition.
The War however between England and Spain lasted until 1604, despite the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Yet the defeat brought about English nationalism, securing Protestantism as England’s state religion. In contrast, for Spain it was a humiliating defeat, nearly destroying the national treasury of Spain.

5. Early British Colonial Failures
*Three failed attempts
Sir Walter Raleigh

6. Roanoke Island ? 6

7. British Colonial Economic Motivation
Surplus Capital
Mercantilism
New Markets
Land Ownership

8. Religious Persecution

9. Religious Conformity =
Political Conformity
Sin equals Treason

10. Social & Political Motives
Enclosure Movement
Adventure
Political Freedom
Military Outposts
Social & Political Motives

11. King James I

12. Virginia Company 1606

13. Jamestown
1607
Three Ships
107 Colonists

14. Early Problems Poor location Lack of incentive Environmental ignorance
Wasted efforts (gold, NW passage)
Hostile tribes

15. Important Events in Early Virginia
John Rolfe 1612
Joint-Stock; Out in 1616
Important Events in Early Virginia
Governor with Assembly 1619
Royal Colony 1624

16. large degree of self-government
Virginia after 1624
large degree of self-government

17. Bacon’s Rebellion -- 1676 Nathaniel Bacon vs. Gov. Berkely
Frontier Colonists vs. Wealthy Planters

18. Virginia Company 1606

19. Establishment of the New England Colonies

20. Mayflower
just off Cape Cod
Plymouth colony 20

21. Mayflower
“Separatists”

22. Mayflower Compact -- Majority Rule
1st Gov; William Bradford
Mayflower Compact -- Majority Rule

23. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Mass. Bay Company (fishing) 1629
“Great Migration” puritans escape Charles I ,000
Two house assembly
‘Separation of Church and State’

24. Gov. John Winthrop

25. Rhode Island Roger Williams Providence 1636
Charter in 1663 with Religious Tolerance
Secondary Colony

26. Connecticut
Thomas Hooker 1639
“Fundamental Orders”

27. New England Confederation 1643
In response to three threats
Native New England Tribes
Dutch to the SouthWest
French to the North

28. Refuge for British Catholics
Maryland
Sir George Calvert
Refuge for British Catholics

29. St. Mary’s
Proprietary Colony
Toleration Act

30. Carolina 1700-Rice plantations 1663 - Grant from Charles II
Charles Towne
Separation of North and South

31. WHY? Georgia Buffer between Carolina and Spanish Florida
Grant Savannah 1733
Georgia
WHY?
Buffer between Carolina and Spanish Florida
Refuge for Debtors
Haven for European Protestants
Convert the Native Tribes

32. proprietary grant to J.Berkeley
New York
RIP
Charles II
Duke of York
New Jersey
proprietary grant to J.Berkeley
royal in 1702

33. Pennsylvania
"The Holy Experiment"
William Penn

34. “The West Indies”