1. Chapter 3
States of Matter

2. Section 1
Matter and Energy

3. Learning Target
I can explain how kinetic theory affects particle motion

5. How is the state of a substance determined?
Particle Motion
Kinetic Theory
All matter is made of atoms and molecules. These atoms and molecules act like tiny particle that are always in motion.
The higher the temperature of the substance is, the faster the particles move.
At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive ones.

6. States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Bose-Einstein Condensate

7. Solids Definite shape Definite volume Particles vibrate in place

8. Liquids
Change shape
Definite volume
Particles moving faster

9. Gases Change shape Change volume
Particles moving fast enough to break away from each other

10. Plasma 99% of known matter in the universe No definite shape
No definite volume
Particles are electrically charged
Conduct electric current
Natural Plasmas: the sun, stars, lightning, fire, the aurora borealis

11. Plasma
Plasma video clip

12. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Predicted in 1924
Created in 1995 (Cornell and Weiman)
Super unexcited and super cold atoms
Formed at temperatures just above absolute zero (0 Kelvin = -459 °F)
Molecular motion stops at absolute zero
Atoms clump and become a “super atom”
Superfluids
Move without friction

14. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Superfluid Helium

15. Energy’s Role
Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
The more kinetic energy the particles have, the higher the temperature
Not determined by the amount of the substance you have
Thermal Energy: the total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
Explain temperature and thermal energy comparing a small Dunkin Donuts coffee to an extra large Dunkin Donuts coffee