1. Administrative (Policy and Management) Functions- An Overview
PIA 2020
Administrative (Policy and Management) Functions- An Overview

2. The More that things change the more they stay the same
Video
The Functions of Government

3. Reminder- Enduring Features of Government and Comparative Methodology
Patterns of public organizations
Recruitment of bureaucrats
Certain common programs of governments
Problem of Dysfunction

4. Overview: This Week and Beyond- Recruitment, Education and Training
I. Basic Principles: Administration and Power
II. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building?
III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector
IV. Theories of Recruitment
V. Recruitment, Education and Training

5. Enduring Features in Organizations
Capacities and performance
The perennial tensions between official (and Personal norms and the control of bureaucratic power (Corruption)
Ecology and the Environment
Internationalization of Public Policy

6. I. Basic Principles? The Bureaucracy is an institution of government
The public bureaucracy has greater recourse to sanctions than the private
However, this is only partly true- the credit card company and the collection agency are also powerful.

7. End of Macro-Approach in our study
1.The Macro Approach: No Longer In Vogue
a. Systems building from Almond to Riggs (Systems Theory-
b. Micro-Approach: Almond's functions and Easton's black boxes (Inside the System)
c. Theme- Look at common functions- focus on INSIDE processes of executive government
2. Patterns of Governance- Basis for Comparison

9. Gabriel A. Almond (12 January 1911 – 25 December 2002)
Family of Russian
Immigrants
Inputs- Interest Articulation
Interest Aggregation
Socialization
“Conversion- The Black Box”
Outputs- Laws, Regulations
And Policies

10. Micro-Approach: What to Compare
Things often done by different structures and processes
Key:- Who makes rules?
Who carries out, implements?
3. Critics: Lack of systems level theory

11. Origins of bureaucratic power- 1
a. Bureaucracy is largely autonomous, only 10% of actions controlled by politicos
b. Actions are seldom subjected to political or judicial review
c. Problem of bureaucratic lethargy- resists change

12. Lethargy? (Dong Eun Kim)

13. Origins of bureaucratic power-2
d. Bureaucracies are COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS and are difficult to control
e. Bureaucrats often have the market cornered on expertise (vis-à-vis politicians)
f. Bureaucrats play "bureaucratic politics" behind the politicians' backs

14. THE PROBLEM
Management of the public sector organization is often separated from the major management functions-
eg. Recruitment, promotion, firing, discipline, collective bargaining
We examine each separately

15. Recruitment Problems in the Public Sector
a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment
b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process
c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary- Blocking Decisions

16. II. Human Resource Development Key: Internal Capacity Building?
Education: Assumed key in Developed Countries and LDCs
Modernization: Education the Key?
Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done
Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital

17. Strategy of Human Development
Understand Concepts explaining transformation
Combinations of welfare, social and human resource development?
Debates about Merit? Affirmative Action?

18. World Bank Institute: HRD and Society

19. The Strategy

21. Social Capital and Civil Society? How International

22. The Bottom Line: Who Pays?

23. HRD Concepts: More in following weeks
1. Socialization-
2. Status vs. Role
3. Counter-Roles
4. Role Theory

24. Role Theory and HRD
Other People’s Behavior and Environmental Factors influence
Personal Characteristics (Cognitive, Affective and Biological Events)

25. Role Theory and HR Development

26. Role Theory: Animal Behavior?
The bureaucrat can have a complex set of interpersonal relationships
1. Analyst and advocate
2. Planner
3. Managers and lobbyists
4. Professional and employee
5. Citizen
6. Spouse and Parent

27. “Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”

28. The Hierarchy of Needs and Roles (Abraham Maslov)

29. Alternative Choices-1
1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity)
2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community
3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis
4. Basic Needs: Human Security (Food, Water and Shelter)

31. Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development
6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument?
7. Civil Society and Social Capital- Is this an HRD issue?

32. The Poverty Debate and Education- Waiting for Superman?

33. Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs, Education and Development:
a. Social Development or left wing privatization?
b. Scaling-up and self-spreading
9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes)
10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?

34. Women vs. Gender and Development Issues: Discussion

35. Discussion of Core Reading
Schiavo-Campo
How is U. S. different from Developing countries
Is the U.S. Different from other “Developed Countries?”
Is working for Government Different?

36. Lemann
What does “The Promised Land” tell us about Federal-Local Government relations?
How are issues of race, gender, language and sexual orientation different and similar (thinking about the Lemman book.
Assess the strengths and Weaknesses of Lemann

37. Question/Discussion
What form of bureaucratic recruitment is used in each of your “favorite” countries? How does one get a job in Government?