1. November 8, 2018
Modern Issues in the U.S. Agenda:
DO NOW: Multiple Choice Review
NOTES #16: How were civil rights denied and later expanded for African Americans in the U.S.?
CLASS ASSIGNMENT: “Brown v. Board of Education and Little Rock”

2. How were civil rights denied and later expanded for African Americans in the U.S.? Notes #16

3. Beginning in the late 1870s, Jim Crow laws were passed by Southern states to make racial segregation legal in public facilities and restrict the freedoms of African Americans.

4. In the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation was constitutional if separate facilities were equal.
Homer Plessy

5. However, in the 1954 case Brown v
However, in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that public schools were required to be desegregated.

6. Chief Justice Earl Warren
The constitutional basis for the ruling of the Supreme Court in this case was the 14th Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection under the law.
Chief Justice Earl Warren
(1953–1969)

7. During the 1950s and the 1960s, Martin Luther King, Jr
During the 1950s and the 1960s, Martin Luther King, Jr. (and other civil rights activists) encouraged people to engage in civil disobedience in order to achieve greater civil rights.

9. After the March on Washington and King’s famous “I have a dream
After the March on Washington and King’s famous “I have a dream . . .” speech occurred in 1963, new civil rights legislation was passed in the U.S.
August 28, 1963

10. Most importantly, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed to end public discrimination (and segregation) based on race.
July 2, 1964