1. Foundations of Totalitarianism

2. Totalitarianism
Form of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and seeks to subordinate all aspects of an individual's life to the authority of the government.
Mussolini coined the term “totalitario”
"All within the state, none outside the state, none against the state."

3. I I I I I Fascist Model The State Power lies here
State casts aside those who do not serve it’s purpose.
The State
State= eternal,
everlasting I I I I I
Individual exists to serve the state (tool).
Individual= temporary, expendable

4. I I I I I Democratic Model The State
State serves the individual and may be replaced if it violates personal right to life, liberty, property

5. Russia Tremendous human losses, land devastated.
To exit war early, Russia gave land to Germany.
Did not participate in peace process, land given to Germany mostly granted independence.

6. Italy
Gained very little land in proportion to losses- only gained a small portion of Austria-Hungary.
Italy had switched sides because it thought it could gain more from fighting with the Allies

7. Germany
War guilt clause
Demilitarization
Severe reparations

8. Sacrifice of Citizens
The “Total War” ideology behind WWI led to the idea that individuals must make sacrifices and strict government control is necessary for victory.

9. Conditions in the 1920’s and 30’s
Countries had no tradition or self government before WWI- the new self government was forced upon nations not ready for it.
1930’s saw a world wide depression, making struggling democracies face more problems.

10. Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime
Support is not instant- gradually increase the use of modern communication and transportation.
A “permanent revolution” is occurring- nation is always pursuing a special goal.

11. Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime
Previous political institutions are replaced – all legal, social, and political traditions are replaced.
Directed violence, controlled by the government, becomes a valuable tool (special police force).

12. Characteristics of a Totalitarian Regime
Leaders are charismatic and unpredictable, never allow people to feel completely safe.
New media technology allows for the spread of porpaganda.

13. Characteristics
People in need

14. Characteristics
Nationalistic Tendencies

15. Characteristics
Control of Media

16. Characteristics
Militarism

17. Characteristics
Exalting the Youth

18. Characteristics
Charismatic Leaders