1. The Age of Discovery
The Search for Spices

2. I. Europeans Take to the Seas
Crusades add luxury goods and demand increases
Europe’s pop. is growing
Spices
Muslim & Italian Middlemen
$, religion, adventure
Better technology (caravel, cartog., astrolabe, sextent, mag. Compass, canons etc.)

4. II. Portugal Leads the Way
Prince Henry heard tales of rich Christian Kingdom in Africa
Gathered best sailors, scientists, cartographers to explore the W. coast of Africa Sagres, Portugal)
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prester John

5. 1488: Dias 1st European to round southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope)
1497: Vasco Da Gama makes 10 month journey to India and returns make 3000% profit
Early Exploration Problems/Struggles: hunger, boredom, thirst, scurvy

6. III. Spain Enters the Race
$ profits from other exploration voyages encouraged new countries to join the race

8. Columbus convinced King & Queen of Spain he could reach the Indies by sailing West
Underestimated the circumference and 2 continents
Line of Demarcation & Treaty of Tordesillas between Sp (W) & Portugal (E)
German cartog. named the new continents after Amerigo Vespucci
Cabral: Brazil, Portugal

10. IV. The Search Continues
Looking for a shortcut (Balboa, Sp., Panama)
Magellan, 2 yr voyage, mutinies, storms, rotted food
18/250 survived, 1/5 of the ships
He died in Phillipines
1st to circumnavigate

11. England, Netherlands, and France also joined the race.
They were looking for the Northwest Passage.
Cabot (Eng)- Canada, Newfoundland
Cartier (Fr) – St. Lawrence River
Hudson (Neth) –Hudson Bay
Fish, fur, trees – colonies hard to establish