1. 13. I can explain the causes of the Age of Exploration
13. I can explain the causes of the Age of Exploration. Motives and Technology 1400s to 1700s

2. Motives
Search for new trade routes wanted to find a quicker water way to Asia, avoid Muslims
Desire for new products Crusades and travels of Marco Polo stimulated an interest in Asian goods
Technology improved that allowed overseas exploration; gunpowder allowed Europeans to dominate
Religion Christian rulers wanted to spread religion
Power- increase wealth and control in the world.
God, Gold and Glory

3. Technology
Triangular Sails-from Muslims. Allow them to catch the wind, and choose the direction they want to go
Compass-from Chinese. Allow them to sail without following the coast and map out routes
Astrolab-from Chinese. Measures the horizon compared to stars for distance.
Caravel-from Portuguese. Lighter faster ship with square and triangular sails

4. Causes Economic Social Political
Need for raw materials created by Industrial Revolution
Desire for place to invest excess capital
Drive to spread Christianity [White Man’s Burden]
Rule by strongest and fittest- need to spread superior culture [Social Darwinism]
Desire for great power status
Competitive drive to gain control of an area (for military) before a rival could do so

5. Effects Native American civilizations destroyed
European diseases killed millions of Native Americans
European powers built extensive overseas empires
Large numbers of Europeans moved to Americas
Native American crops (corn, potato, tomato) brought to Europe [Colombian Exchange]
Demand for African slaves increased
Capitalism expanded with growth of trade
Cultural exchanges occurred [cultural diffusion]

6. 15. I can explain Imperialism and its impact.
Domination by one country over the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Colonization
Empire building

7. Some Examples Spanish control of Latin America
British control of India
Berlin Conference to divide Africa
13 colonies (US)

8. Positive Effects Built roads, railroads, and bridges
Education improved
Improved medical care
Food supply increased
Brought stability and unification to some areas
Created industries, improved standard of living

9. Negative Effects People with common backgrounds separated
Natural resources exploited
Native cultures damaged
Promoted racism
Economic self-sufficiency lost
Destroyed traditional patterns of trade
Cash crop overemphasized
Family life disrupted
Introduced Western vices and diseases

10. Christopher Columbus
Accidentally found America while looking for a westward route to Asia
His voyages considered a turning point in history
Explored Hispanolia, Bahamas, South America—He called them the Indes

11. Christopher Columbus
He sailed for King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, even though he was an Italian.

12. Vasco da Gama Discovered an all-water route from Europe to India
Sailed for Portugal

13. Prince Henry the Navigator
Sailed for Portugal.
Found a water route to Asia around Africa
Instigated the slave trade from Africa via boat

14. Ferdinand Magellan
First person credited with circumnavigating the world

15. Hernando Cortes
Conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico in 1519

16. Francisco Pizarro
Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru in 1833

17. Marco Polo
Traveled to China [court of Kublai Khan] and brought back stories and goods to Europe

18. 18 I can explain the Middle Passage.
The movement of slaves from Africa to the New World.
Needed Slaves – work mines, plantations
Conditions on slave ships: Dark, dirty, cramped quarters.  People treated like animals - underfed, chained and had to stay where they were no matter what bodily function they needed to relieve.  There was bedsores, disease, rape and death.

19. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade 1500s to 1800s

20. Causes Europeans wanted cheap labor for work in the Americas
Due to the demands of the agricultural economies of the New World
The native peoples of America did not survive the labor

21. Effects Encouraged African warfare Disrupted African culture
tribes went to war with other tribes to obtain slaves to trade for guns
Disrupted African culture
it created a legacy of violence, bitterness and social upheaval
Increased cultural diffusion
Slaves brought their songs and culture to New World
Prejudice against Africans